Welch Project

The Welch Project is currently a companion page to Holmes Welch's The Buddhist Revival in China. Below is a list of the chapter and section headings of that work. One of the first steps of this project is to list the articles in the DMCB that cover the material discussed on the pages listed.

It is our goal that this project will eventually expand upon Welch's work in order to further our understanding of Chinese Buddhism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as to honor the tremendous work Welch did in broadening that understanding himself.

THE BUDDHIST REVIVAL IN CHINA

Contents 1 Chapter 1. The Beginning's of the Revival 1.1 Yang Wen-hui 1.2 Modern Education for Monks 1.3 Revolutionary Monks 2 Chapter 2. The Struggle For National Leadership 2.1 The Invasion of Chin Shan 2.2 Rival Buddhist Associations 2.3 The Chinese Buddhist Association (Shanghai, 1929) 3 Chapter 3. T'ai-hsü 3.1 World Organizations 3.2 Domestic Organizations 3.3 T'ai-hsü and Science 3.4 T'ai-hsü's Methods 4 Chapter 4. The Lay Buddhist Movement 4.1 Types of Lay Societies 4.2 The Right Faith Society 4.3 The Growing Role of the Laity 5 Chapter 5. Building and Publishing 5.1 Restoration 5.2 New Monasteries 5.3 Publishing 6 Chapter 6. Buddhist Education 6.1 Traditional Education 6.2 Seminaries: Kuan-tsung 6.3 T'ai-hsü's Seminaries 6.4 The T'ien-ning Seminary 6.5 The Level of Education 6.6 The Metaphysical Institute 7 Chapter 7. Social Action by the Sangha 7.1 The Lung-ch'üan Orphanage 7.2 Other Welfare Activities 7.3 The Sangha's Approach to Social Welfare 8 Pictoral Inset: "A Buddhist Festival," photographed by Henri Cartier-Bresson 9 Chapter 8. Sangha and State 9.1 Republican Laws and Their Enforcement 9.2 The Law Versus the Enemies of Buddhism 9.3 Friends in High Places 9.4 Monks in Politics 10 Chapter 9. Foreign Contacts 10.1 Contacts with Japan 10.2 Contacts with Tibet 10.3 Contacts with Theravada Buddhists 10.4 Contacts with Christians 10.5 Christian Converts to Buddhism 10.6 Contacts with Chinese Overseas 11 Chapter 10. Sects and Dissention 11.1 The Esoteric School 11.2 The Antisectarian Trend 11.3 Regional Loyalties 11.4 Divisive Issues 12 Chapter 11. Christian Stereotypes and Buddhist Realities 12.1 Buddhist Realities 12.2 The Growth in Understanding 12.3 Distorting Factors 12.4 Regional Differences 13 Chapter 12. The Meaning of the Revival 13.1 Was it a Revival? 14 Postscript 15 Appendices: 15.1 1. Buddhist Periodicals 15.2 2. Buddhist Seminaries 15.3 3. Monastic Population Figures 15.4 4. Regional Decay

Chapter 1. The Beginning's of the Revival

Yang Wen-hui

• page 2.
  • Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會
• page 4.
  • Jīnlíng Scriptural Press 金陵刻經處)
  • Nanjō Bunyū 南條文雄
  • Timothy Richard 李提摩太
• page 6.
  • Joseph Edkins 艾約瑟
• page 9.
  • Jetavana Hermitage 祇洹精舍
  • Dìxián 諦閑
• page 10.
  • Jiāngběi Scriptural Press 江北刻經處
  • Yìnguāng 印光

Modern Education for Monks

• pages 10-11.
  • Kāng Yǒuwéi 康有為
  • Build Education with Temple Property (Miàochǎn xīngxué 廟產興學)
• pages 12-13.
  • Jìchán 寄禪 ("Eight Fingers")
  • Universal Saṇgha Study Hall (Pǔtōng sēng xuétáng 普通僧學堂); Welch refers to this as the "Seng-li P'u-t'ung Chng-hsüeh"
  • Jiāngsū Saṇgha Normal Study Hall (Jiāngsū sēng shīfàn xuétáng 江蘇僧師範學堂]])
  • Dìxián 諦閑
  • Yuèxiá 月霞
  • Yuányīng 圓瑛
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • Zhìguāng 治光

Revolutionary Monks

• page 15.
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • Huáshān 華山
  • Kāng Yǒuwéi 康有為
  • Tán Sìtóng 譚嗣同
• page 16.
  • Zōngyǎng 宗仰
  • Jīnshān 金山
  • Mrs. Silas Hardoon (Ch. name: Luó Jiālíng 羅迦陵)
• pages 17-18.
  • Canon reprint: Kalaviṇka Hermitage Canon 頻伽精舍校刊大藏經
  • Sū Mànshū 蘇曼殊
• page 19.
  • Tán Sìtóng 譚嗣同
  • Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎

Chapter 2. The Struggle For National Leadership

• page 26.
  • Chinese Buddhist Association (Zhōngguó Fójiào huì 中國佛教會)
• page 27.
  • Karl Ludvig Reichelt (Ài Xiāngdé 艾香德

The Invasion of Chin Shan

Danao Jinshan 大鬧金山

• page 29.
  • Jìchán 寄禪 ("Eight Fingers")
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • Tiāntóng Temple 天童寺
  • Jīnshān 金山
  • Rénshān 仁山
  • Zhènjiāng 鎮江
• page 30.
  • Jiāngtiān Temple 江天寺

Rival Buddhist Associations

• page 33.
  • Ōuyáng Jiàn 歐陽漸
  • Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會
  • Jinling Scriptural Press 金陵刻經處
  • Jetavana Monastery 祇洹精舍
  • Chinese Buddhist Association (Zhōngguó Fójiào huì 中國佛教會)
• page 34.
  • Xūyún 虛雲
  • Jìchán 寄禪 ("Eight Fingers")
• page 35.
  • Chinese General Buddhist Association (Zhōnghuá Fójiào zǒnghuì 中華佛教總會)
• page 39.
  • Dìxián 諦閑

The Chinese Buddhist Association (Shanghai, 1929)

Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會

• page 40.
  • Yuányīng 圓瑛
• page 43.
  • Rénshān 仁山
  • Wáng Yītíng 王一亭
• page 44.
  • Hǎicháo yīn 海潮音

Chapter 3. T'ai-hsü

Tàixū 太虛

• page 51.
  • The Invasion of Jīnshān 大鬧金山
• page 52.
  • Mount Pǔtuó 普陀山
• page 54.
  • The Awakening Society (Jué shè 覺社; Welch calls this "the Bodhi Society")
  • Wáng Yītíng 王一亭
  • Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (Chang Ping-ling)
  • Juéshè cóngshū 覺社叢書
  • Hǎicháo yīn 海潮音

World Organizations

• page 55.
  • World Buddhist Federation (Shìjiè Fójiào liánhé huì 世界佛教聯合會)
  • Karl Ludvig Reichelt (Ài Xiāngdé 艾香德
• page 56.
  • East Asian Buddhist Conference (Dōngyā fójiào dàhuì 東亞佛教大會)
• page. 62
  • "Library of the World Buddhist Institute" at the World Buddhist Studies Center (Shìjiè Fóxué yuàn 世界佛學苑)
• page 63.
  • Fǎfǎng 法舫

Domestic Organizations

T'ai-hsü and Science

• page 65.
  • Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會

T'ai-hsü's Methods

• page 68.
  • Karl Ludvig Reichelt (Ài Xiāngdé 艾香德
  • Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary (Wǔchāng Fóxué yuàn 武昌佛學院)
• page 71.
  • Xūyún 虛雲
  • Yìnguāng 印光
  • Dìxián 諦閑
  • Hóngyī 弘一
  • Láiguǒ 來果
  • Tánxū 倓虛

Chapter 4. The Lay Buddhist Movement

• page 74.
  • Qū Yìngguāng 屈映光

Types of Lay Societies

• page 76.
  • Pure Karma Monthly 淨業月刊
  • Buddhist Radio XMHB

The Right Faith Society

• page 77.
  • Zhengxin hui 正信會
  • Wáng Sēnfǔ 王森甫
• page 78.
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院
• page 80.
  • Zhèngxìn zhōukān 正信週刊

The Growing Role of the Laity

• page 82.
  • Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會
  • Jīnshān 金山
  • Xūyún 虛雲
  • Yìnguāng 印光
  • Língyán Temple 靈岩寺
• page 83.
  • Gāomín Temple 高旻寺
• page 84.
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • Tánxū 倓虛
  • Cízhōu 慈舟
• page 85.
  • Hankou nü jushi lin 漢口女居士林

Chapter 5. Building and Publishing

Restoration

• page 90.
  • Xūyún 虛雲
• page 96.
  • Qixia si 棲霞寺
  • Zōngyǎng 宗仰
  • Língyán Temple 靈岩寺

New Monasteries

• page 96.
  • Tánxū 倓虛
• page 97.
  • Dìxián 諦閑
  • Jīnshān 金山

Publishing

Bibliography Publishing Portal

• page 99.
  • Jīnlíng Scriptural Press 金陵刻經處)
• page 100.
  • Fóxué cóngbào 佛學叢報
  • Fójiào yuèkān 佛教月刊
    • Should this be Fójiào yuèbào 佛教月報?
  • Fóguāng 佛光
  • Juéshè cóngshū 覺社叢書 (Chüeh-shu)
  • Hǎicháo yīn 海潮音
  • Xiàndài sēngqié 現代僧伽
  • The Right Faith Society Zhengxin hui 正信會
• page 102.
  • Tāng Yòngtóng 湯用彤
  • Zhōu Shūjiā 周叔迦
  • Zōngyǎng 宗仰
  • Hóngyī 弘一
  • Wáng Yītíng 王一亭

Chapter 6. Buddhist Education

Traditional Education

• page 103.
  • Bǎohuá Shān 寶華山

Seminaries: Kuan-tsung

• page 107.
  • Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院
  • Buddhist Seminaries 佛學院
  • Dìxián 諦閑
• page 108.
  • Guānzōng Temple 觀宗寺
  • Guanzong yanjiu she 觀宗研究社
• page 110.
  • Mínnán Buddhist Seminary 閩南佛學院 (South Fukien Seminary)

T'ai-hsü's Seminaries

• page 110.
  • Chángxǐng 常惺
• page 111.
  • "...seminaries in Kiangsu and Anhwei": Dharmadhatu Seminary 法界學院 and Ānhuī Monastic School 安徽僧學校
  • Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院
  • The Right Faith Society Zhengxin hui 正信會
  • Dìxián 諦閑

The T'ien-ning Seminary

• page 114.
  • Tiānníng Temple 天寧寺
• page 115.
  • Tiānníng xuéjiè táng 天寧學戒堂

The Level of Education

• 116.
  • Sino-Tibetan Institute 漢藏教理院

The Metaphysical Institute

• page 117.
  • Zhina neixue yuan 支那內學院
  • Ōuyáng Jiàn 歐陽漸
  • Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會
• page 118.
  • Méi Guāngxī 梅光羲
  • Inner Studies 內學 (Nei-hsüeh)
• page 119.
  • Lǚ Chéng 呂澂
  • Dìxián 諦閑
  • Yìnguāng 印光

Chapter 7. Social Action by the Sangha

• page 123.
  • Xūyún 虛雲
  • Jīnshān 金山

The Lung-ch'üan Orphanage

• page 123.
  • Lóngquán Temple 龍泉寺
• page 126.
  • Nán pǔtuó Temple 南普陀寺

Other Welfare Activities

• page 126.
  • Tiānníng Temple 天寧寺
• page 127.
  • Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會
• page 128.
  • Yuányīng 圓瑛
  • Xūyún 虛雲
  • Qīxiá Temple 棲霞寺
• page 129.
  • Tàixū 太虛

The Sangha's Approach to Social Welfare

Pictoral Inset: "A Buddhist Festival," photographed by Henri Cartier-Bresson

Pictures taken by Henri Cartier-Bresson in Hángzhōu 杭州 in March 1949 primarily in and around Língyǐn Temple 靈隱寺.

Chapter 8. Sangha and State

• page 133.
  • Mount Pǔtuó 普陀山
• page 134.
  • Bǎohuá Shān 寶華山
  • Qīxiá Temple 棲霞寺

Republican Laws and Their Enforcement

• page 141.
  • Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會

The Law Versus the Enemies of Buddhism

Friends in High Places

• page 153.
  • Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院
  • Qīxiá Temple 棲霞寺
• page 154.
  • Jīnshān 金山
  • Xūyún 虛雲

Monks in Politics

• page 156.
  • Zōngyǎng 宗仰
• page 158.
  • Yuányīng 圓瑛
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會
  • Língyǐn sì 靈隱寺

Chapter 9. Foreign Contacts

Contacts with Japan

• page 162.
  • Ogurisu Kocho 小栗栖香頂
  • Lóngquán Temple 龍泉寺
  • Yǒnghé Temple 雍和宮
  • Mount Wǔtái 五台山
• page 164.
  • Mizuno Baigyo 水野梅曉
• page 166.
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • World Buddhist Federation 世界佛教聯合會
  • Lú Mountain 廬山
  • East Asian Buddhist Conference 東亞佛教大會
  • Sānshí xuéhuì 三時學會
• page 167.
  • Tokiwa Daijō 常盤大定
  • Yuányīng 圓瑛
  • Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會
• page 171.
  • Jīnshān 金山

Contacts with Tibet

• page 173.
  • Dalai Lama 達賴
  • Mount Éméi 峨眉山
  • Mount Wǔtái 五台山
• page 174.
  • Zhāngjiā 章嘉
  • Yǒnghé Temple 雍和宮
• page 175.
  • Wáng Hóngyuàn 王弘願
  • Guì Bóhuá 桂伯華
  • Ōuyáng Jìngwú 歐陽竟無
  • Dàyǒng 大勇
  • Panchen Lama 班禪
  • Nuònà 諾那
  • Nuònà Students' Society 諾那同學會
• page 176.
  • Nánjīng 南京
• page 177.
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • Nénghǎi 能海
  • Chāoyī 超一
  • Fǎzūn 法尊
  • Sino-Tibetan Institute 漢藏教理院
  • Chóngqìng 重慶
• page 178.
  • Xīkāng 西康
  • Lǚ Chéng 呂澂
  • Metaphysical Institute 支那內學院
• page 179.
  • Rénwáng hùguó jīng (Scripture for Humane Kings who Wish to Protect their States) 仁王護國經
  • Bodhi Society 覺社

Contacts with Theravada Buddhists

• page 180.
  • Tàixū 太虛
  • Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會
• page 181.
  • Buddhist Radio XMHB
  • Fǎfǎng 法舫
• page 182.
  • Língyán Temple 靈岩寺

Contacts with Christians

• page 185.
  • Timothy Richard 李提摩太
• page 186.
  • Karl Ludvig Reichelt 艾香德

Christian Converts to Buddhism

• page 188.
  • Bǎohuá Mountain 寶華山
  • Zhàokōng 照空
  • Qīxiá Temple 棲霞寺
  • Jīnshān 金山

Contacts with Chinese Overseas

• page 191.
  • Xūyún 虛雲
• page 193.
  • Wǔtái Mountain 五台山
  • Dài Jìtáo 戴季陶

Chapter 10. Sects and Dissention

• page 195.
  • Língyán Temple 靈岩寺
  • Yìnguāng 印光
  • Dìxián 諦閒
  • Tánxū 倓虛
  • Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會
  • Ōuyáng Jiàn 歐陽漸
• page 196.
  • "China Metaphysical Institute" Zhina neixue yuan 支那內學院
  • Hán Qīngjìng 韓清淨
  • Sānshí xuéhuì 三時學會
  • Xióng Shílì 熊十力
  • Yuèxiá 月霞
  • Yīgcí 應慈
  • Cízhōu 慈舟
  • Huáyán University 華嚴大學
  • Xūyún 虛雲
  • Bǎohuá Mountain 寶華山
  • Hóngyī 弘一
  • Jīnshān 金山
  • Gāomín Temple 高旻寺
  • Láiguǒ 來果

The Esoteric School

• page 196.
  • Mijiao 密教

The Antisectarian Trend

Regional Loyalties

Divisive Issues

Chapter 11. Christian Stereotypes and Buddhist Realities

Buddhist Realities

The Growth in Understanding

Distorting Factors

Regional Differences

Chapter 12. The Meaning of the Revival

Was it a Revival?

Postscript

Appendices:

1. Buddhist Periodicals

• Periodical Portal

2. Buddhist Seminaries

• Buddhist Seminaries 佛學院

3. Monastic Population Figures

4. Regional Decay