Biography Portal

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== Biographical Articles ==
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<h2>Biography Portal</h2>
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Ordered by date of birth
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We are currently working on {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Biography}} '''biographical articles'''. This list is ordered by date of birth.
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|Dàdìng [[大定]]||1824 - 1906||One of the most important Chán 禪 masters of the late Qīng 清 period. His reputation helped establish Jiāngtiān Chán Temple [[江天禪寺]] as one of the premier Chán training sites in early 20th-century China
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|Miàoshàn [[妙善]]||1827 - 1923|| Abbess of Qīngzhēn Hermitage 清真庵 in Fújiàn [[福建]]
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|Yáng Wénhuì [[楊文會]]||1837 - 1911||Yáng has been called the progenitor of the modern Buddhist revival in China; he established a sūtra publishing house and school for monastics in Nánjīng 南京
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|Xūyún [[虛雲]]||1840 - 1959||A renowned Chán master whose long life spanned the Qing, Republican, and People's Republic periods of modern Chinese history
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|Timothy Richard [[李提摩太]]||1845 - 1919||Welsh missionary who spent 40 years in China, and who studied and published on Buddhism in China
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|Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]]||1846-1934||A Japanese Shingon 真言 master and the teacher of several Chinese Buddhists in the 1920s
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|Nanjō Bunyū / Nanjio Bunyiu [[南条文雄]]||1849 - 1927||A priest of the Ōtani 大谷 sect of Japan's Jodō Shinshū 浄土真宗 school. He studied at Oxford with famed orientalist Max Müller, and collaborated with Yáng Wénhuì [[楊文會]] on a number of Buddhist projects. Chief among which was the reprinting of Buddhist texts held in Japan, but lost in China.  
|Nanjō Bunyū / Nanjio Bunyiu [[南条文雄]]||1849 - 1927||A priest of the Ōtani 大谷 sect of Japan's Jodō Shinshū 浄土真宗 school. He studied at Oxford with famed orientalist Max Müller, and collaborated with Yáng Wénhuì [[楊文會]] on a number of Buddhist projects. Chief among which was the reprinting of Buddhist texts held in Japan, but lost in China.  
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|Jìchán [[寄禪]]||1852 - 1912||A famous Chán master and poet during the late Qing. He was an important person in transitional Qing-Republican Buddhism.
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|Yěkāi [[冶開]]||1852 - 1923||An influential teacher of Chán 禪 and restorer of temples during the late Qīng 清 period.
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|Dìxián [[諦閑]]||1858 - 1932||The 43rd patriarch of the Tiāntái 天台 lineage, he wrote and lectured widely during his lifetime
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|Yuèxiá [[月霞]]||1858 - 1917||An important teacher and Chán master of the late Qing and early Republican periods. He was associated with several early Buddhist schools, including Huáyán University [[華嚴大學]]
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|Guì Bóhuá [[桂伯華]]||1861 - 1915||An important networker in ''fin de siècle'' Chinese Buddhism. He was a student of Yáng Wénhuì [[楊文會]] and the man who convinced Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] to study Buddhism.
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|Yìnguāng [[印光]]||1861 - 1940||Credited with reviving the Pure Land school 淨土宗 in China
|Yìnguāng [[印光]]||1861 - 1940||Credited with reviving the Pure Land school 淨土宗 in China
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|Zōngyǎng [[宗仰]]||1861 - 1921||A Jiāngnán 江南 monk, most famously associated with revolutionary activities in Shànghǎi [[上海]] in the first decade of the 20th century
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|Xià Zēngyòu [[夏曾佑]]||1863 - 1924||A famous historian and poet of the late Qīng 清 period, as well as a noted lay Buddhist scholar.
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|Liza Roos, Luó Jiālíng [[羅迦陵]]||1864 - 1941||The wife of prominent Shànghǎi businessman Silas Hardoon. She donated a great deal of wealth to various Buddhist activities, and she was a supporter of the monk Zōngyǎng [[宗仰]]
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|Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]]||1864 - 1943||An active lay Buddhist who was instrumental in the establishment of a number of seminaries and other Buddhist institutions during the Republican period
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|Zhāng Kèchéng [[張克誠]]||1865 - 1922||An important Běijīng-based scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識 in the first decade of the Republic
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|Shī Shěngzhī [[施省之]]||1865 - 1945||A government official, first as a diplomat to the U.S. during the late Qing, then in the offices of the various state-run railroads of the late Qing and Republican periods. He was very active in Shanghai lay Buddhism during the last two decades of his life
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|Tán Sìtóng [[譚嗣同]]||1865 - 1898||A reformer and intellectual of the late Qing, Tán was the author of Buddhist-inspired Rén xué 仁學
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|Pǔcháng [[溥常]]||b.1866||A lecturer and teacher active in the Jiāngnán [[江南]] region in the [[1910s]] and [[1930s]]
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|Dàojiē [[道階]]||1866 - 1934||One of the first great internationals monk of the modern period
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|Wáng Yītíng [[王一亭]]||1867 - 1938||A famous painter and calligrapher of the Republican period, Wáng was also a noted industrialist and lay Buddhist
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|Zhāng Tàiyán [[章太炎]]||1868 - 1936||One of the most important Chinese thinkers of the 20th century. A scholar, and reformer of the late Qing period, from the first decade of the 20th century he turned increasingly to Buddhism
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|Cài Yuánpéi [[蔡元培]]||1868 - 1940)||A well-known educator who lectured on Buddhist topics and who supported Buddhist activities.
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|Cíháng [[慈航]]||1869 - 1919||A minor figure, and local charitable monk.
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|Lama Bái Pǔrén [[白普仁]]||1870 - 1927||A Mongolian Lama of Gelug order, and abbot of Yōnghé Temple [[雍和宮]] in Běijīng [[北京]]
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|Tokiwa Daijō [[常盤大定]]||1870 - 1945||A Japanese Buddhologist who wrote several important studies of Chinese Buddhism.
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|Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]]||1871 - 1943||Lay Buddhist teacher and founder of the Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]]
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|Sakaino Satoru [[境野哲]]||1871 - 1933||Japanese scholar and author of Buddhism whose works were influential in China.
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|Liáng Qǐchāo [[梁啓超]]||1873 - 1929||One of the most important Chinese thinkers of the early 20th century. A reformer and journalist, he was also a polymath and scholar of note, and some of his work focused on the history of Chinese Buddhism.
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|Jiǎng Wéiqiáo [[蔣維喬]]||1873 - 1958||An important educator, politician, and lay Buddhist of the Republican period
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|Yú Liǎowēng [[余了翁]]||1873 - 1941||A lay Buddhist scholar and editor of ''Fóxué chūbǎn jiè'' [[佛學出版界]]
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|Yīngcí [[應慈]]||1873 - 1965||A Chán Master and seminary organizer of the Republican period. He lectured widely on Huáyán thought from the 1930s to the 1950s, and led several ordinations in the 1950s.
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|Dorjé Chöpa [[多杰覺拔]]||1874 - 19??||The first fully ordained Tibetan monk to teach Chinese students about Tibetan Buddhism in the Republican period.
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|Yíguāng [[怡光]]||1874 - 1930||He rebuilt Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] in Cháozhōu [[潮州]] in the early 20th century
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|Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]]||1874 - 1941||A career solider and lay Buddhist, he was responsible for a great many works of Buddhist restoration in China's Northwest in the 1920s and 1930s
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|Dīng Fúbǎo [[丁福保]]||1874 - 1952||Writer and publisher, best known for his Great Dictionary of Buddhism 佛學大辭典 published in 1922, a translation of ''Bukkyō daijiten'' 仏教大辞典 by Oda Tokunō 織田徳能
|Dīng Fúbǎo [[丁福保]]||1874 - 1952||Writer and publisher, best known for his Great Dictionary of Buddhism 佛學大辭典 published in 1922, a translation of ''Bukkyō daijiten'' 仏教大辞典 by Oda Tokunō 織田徳能
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|Chándìng [[禪定]]||1874 - 19??||A monk associated with the Tiāntái 天台 school and the Guānzōng Lecture Temple [[觀宗講寺]] in Níngbō [[寧波]]
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|Wáng Xiǎoxú [[王小徐]]||1875 - 1948||One of China's great early modern scientists, Wáng was a founding member of Academia Sinica and, as a lay Buddhist, wrote several of the most influential works on Buddhism and science in the Republican period
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|Tánxū [[倓虛]]||1875 - 1963||A patriarch of the Tiāntái 天臺 school from northeast China who restored half a dozen temples (mostly in the northeast), and also helped establish 13 Buddhist seminaries during his life
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|Shǐ Yīrú [[史一如]]||1876 - 1925||A scholar of Buddhist Logic, translator of works of Japanese Buddhology, and early confederate of Tàixū [[太虛]]. He taught at the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]] during its first year
|Shǐ Yīrú [[史一如]]||1876 - 1925||A scholar of Buddhist Logic, translator of works of Japanese Buddhology, and early confederate of Tàixū [[太虛]]. He taught at the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]] during its first year
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|Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]]||1896 - 1989||A student of Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]], headed his Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]], and remained a prominent figure in Chinese Buddhism after 1949.  
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|Wáng Hóngyuàn [[王弘願]]||1876 - 1937||A lay Buddhist of the Republican period, and an important, but highly controversial, proponent of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism
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|Karl Ludvig Reichelt, Ài Xiāngdé [[艾香德]]||1877 - 1952||A Protestant missionary from Norway who worked in China from 1903 to his death in 1952. He was acquainted with many important Chinese Buddhists and his sympathetic attitude toward Buddhism is well known
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|Zhū Fèihuáng [[朱芾煌]]||1877 - 1955?||Zhū is best known for his Dictionary of Dharmalakṣaṇa 法相辭典 (1939)
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|Cízhōu [[慈舟]]||1877 - 1958||A student of Yuèxiá [[月霞]], Cízhōu lectured extensively on the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經 from the late 1920s into the 1940s
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|Xú Wèirú [[徐蔚如]]||1878 - 1937||He ran two major Buddhist presses in Běijīng and Tiānjīn in the 1920s and 1930s. His presses and his own lectures and scholarship focused on Huáyán 華嚴 materials.
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|Yuányīng [[圓瑛]]||1878 - 1953||A towering figure of Republican Buddhism, and a critic of Tàixū's more radical suggestions for reform. He was president of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]] from 1928 to 1937. He was also the abbot of a number of important temples in the Jiāngnán [[江南]] region
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|Lín Zǎipíng [[林宰平]]||1879-1960||A prominent Buddhist layman who taught philosophy and economics at Beijing Qinghua Universities in the 1920s and 1930s.
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|Xiànmíng [[現明]]||1880 - 1941||A northern monk, he restored Guǎngjì Temple [[廣濟寺]] in the early 1920s
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|Hóngyī [[弘一]]||1880 - 1942||An educated and literate leader of the New Culture movement, who turned his back on modernity to become a monk
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|Méi Guāngxī [[梅光羲]]||1880 - 1947||A major scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識, he provided financial backing both to the Jinling Scriptural Press [[金陵刻經處]] and the Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]]
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|Zhāng Huàshēng [[張化聲]]||1880 - 19??||Teacher at the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]] and a colleague of Tàixū [[太虛]]
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|Chén Yuán [[陳垣]]||1880 - 1971|| A founding figure in the history of religion in China, author of several studies on Chinese Buddhism, and a former head of Fǔrén University 輔仁大學.
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|Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]]||1880 - 1968|| A lay Buddhist, scholar and publisher active in China's northwest.
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|Wáng Sēnfǔ [[王森甫]]||1881 - 1934||A successful businessman and lay Buddhist, Wáng provided material support for Tàixū's [[太虛]] activities in Wǔchāng [[武昌]] in the early 1920s and was a founding member of the Buddhist Right Faith Society [[佛教正信會]]
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|Fàn Gǔnóng [[范古農]]||1881 - 1951||A highly influential editor of Buddhist books and periodicals in the Republic
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|Láiguǒ [[來果]]||1881 - 1953||In his 35-year stint as as abbot, he was responsible for turning Gāomín Temple [[高旻寺]] into one of the preeminent centers for Chán practice in the early 20th century.
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|Lǚ Bìchéng [[呂碧城]]||1883 - 1943||Probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period, Lǚ was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist
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|The Panchen Lama [[班禪]]||1883 - 1937||The ninth Panchen Lama, Thubten Choekyi Nyima
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|Qū Yìngguāng [[屈映光]]||1883 - 1973||A prominent minister of the Republican era, he held many posts including that of governor of Shāndōng [[山東]] in 1919. He was initiated into esoteric Buddhism in 1929
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|Sū Mànshū [[蘇曼殊]]||1884 - 1918||An important artist and writer of the late Qing and early Republican periods. Mànshū was also a sometimes monk, and one of the first Chinese Sanskritists of the modern period
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|Hán Qīngjìng [[韓清淨]]||1884 - 1949||A well known Northern lay scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識, often paired with Ōuyáng Jìngwú [[歐陽竟無]] as one of the greatest scholars of that philosophy during the Republican period
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|Sherab Gyatso [[喜饒嘉措]]||1884 - 1968||A Gelug monk and longtime president of the early Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教協會]]
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|Jiǎng Zuòbīn [[蔣作賓]]||1884 - 1941|| A military leader and later official under the Nationalist government, co-founder of the Juéshè 覺社.
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|Kōngyě [[空也]]||1885 - 1946||An important monk, based primarily in Nányuè 南嶽, one of the first teachers at the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary
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|Wáng Xiāngliù [[王驤陸]]||1885 - 1958||Second patriarch of the Seal-Mind School [[印心宗]] of Esoteric Buddhism, after Dàyú [[大愚]], the school's founder and first patriarch
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|Xióng Shílì [[熊十力]]||1885 - 1968||Author of the controversial ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), Xióng was a philosopher and revolutionary of the late Qing and Republican periods
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|Nénghǎi [[能海]]||1886 - 1967||One of the most significant Chinese exponent of Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism [[西密]] in 20th century China
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|Rénshān [[仁山]]||1887 - 1951||A noted monastic educator of the Republican period. He was a confederate of Tàixū [[太虛]], with whom he instigated the "Invasion of Jīnshān" [[大鬧金山]]
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|Zhìguāng [[智光]]||1889 - 1963||An important educator and abbot in Jiāngsū and Táiwān.
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|Dài Jìtáo [[戴季陶]]||1890 - 1949||A politician and ideologue who supported Buddhist activities under the rubric of "National Salvation" (jiùguó 救國)
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|Huáng Chànhuá [[黃懺華]]||1890? - 1977||Best known for his history of Chinese Buddhism 中國佛教史 published in 1940, based on that of Jiǎng Wéiqiáo [[蔣維喬]] published in 1929, which was in turn based on 支那仏教史綱 by Sakaino Satoru 境野哲 published in 1907
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|Lí Duānfǔ [[黎端甫]]||1890? - 19??||A lay Buddhist, said to be one of the four great disciples of Yáng Wénhuì [[楊文會]]
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|Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]]||1890 - 1949||A student and professor of Buddhist philosophy, especially Dharmalakṣaṇa and Consciousness-Only 法相唯識
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|Tàixū [[太虛]]||1890 - 1947||One of the most influential Chinese Buddhist figures of the modern era, a reformer who established seminaries and Buddhist periodicals, such as his long-running Hǎicháo yīn [[海潮音]]
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|Táng Dàyuán [[唐大圓]]||1890? - 1941||A colleague of Tàixū [[太虛]], a noted lay teacher of monks, and scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識 thought
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|Shànyīn [[善因]]||1890? - 19??||He and Kōngyě [[空也]] were Tàixū’s [[太虛]] early right-hand men. Shànyīn was particularly interested in Consciousness-Only 唯識 and Madhyamaka thought.
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|Lǐ Jīngwéi [[李經緯]]||18?? - 19??|| A co-founder and permanent board member of Shànghǎi Buddhist Books [[上海佛學書局]], as well as a lay Buddhist and an author.
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|Yù Huìguān [[玉慧觀]]||1891 - 1933||A Korean-born Chinese businessman, politician, and lay Buddhist
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|Ǎitíng [[靄亭]]||1892 - 1947||A follower of Yuèxiá [[月霞]]. Active in the Jiāngnán [[江南]] region in the [[1920s]] and [[1930s]], in the mid [[1930s]] he moved to Hong Kong and helped establish a major nunnery there.
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|Huìjué [[會覺]]||1892 - 1971||One of Tàixū's leading disciples, and a teacher of monks
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|Dàyǒng [[大勇]]||1893 - 1929||A Hàn 漢 monk who was famous for teaching Japanese Esoteric Buddhism [[東密]], as well as leading a group to Tibet to study Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism [[西密]]
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|Tāng Yòngtóng [[湯用彤]]||1893 - 1964||An influential Chinese scholar of Buddhist history who was active primarily in the first half of the 20th century. His works are still widely consulted by scholars the world over
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|Chísōng [[持松]]||1894 - 1972||A famed teacher of Esoteric Buddhism
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|Lǐ Yuánjìng [[李圓淨]]||ca.1894 - 1950||A lay Buddhist, author, and publisher whose Buddhist scholarship was well-known during the Republican period
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|Cíháng [[慈航]]||1895 - 1954||A monk active in Southeast Asia in the 1930s and 1940s, and then in Taiwan. His mummified "meat body" 肉身 was the first made in Taiwan, and is still on display today.
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|Chángxǐng [[常惺]]||1896 - 1939||A prominent teacher, associated with several important early seminaries, as well as the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]] of 1929
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|Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]]||1896 - 1989||A student of Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]], headed his Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]], and remained a prominent figure in Chinese Buddhism after 1949.
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|Fēng Zǐkǎi [[豐子愷]]||1898 - 1975||An important artist and illustrator of the Republican period. He was also an active lay Buddhist.
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|Dàxǐng [[大醒]]||1899 - 1952||A student of Tàixū [[太虛]] and leader of the Minnan Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]
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|Chén Yuánbái [[陳元白]]||18?? - 19??||A prominent lay Buddhist in the Wǔhàn [[武漢]] area, who helped establish the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]
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|Mǎnzhì [[滿智]]||18?? - 19??||One of Tàixū's right-hand monks from the mid 1920s and to mid 1930s, and the founding president of the Sino-Tibetan Institute [[漢藏教理院]] in Sìchuān [[四川]]
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|The Living Buddha of Jīnshān [[金山活佛]]||18?? - 1935||A famous meditation master and ascetic who was known for his miraculous powers. Active from the early 1920s to his death.
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|Táiyuán [[台源]]||18?? - 1941||A monk from northeastern China who was active in Běijīng [[北京]] in the 1920s. He turned to Esoteric Buddhism near the end of his life
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|Bǎojìng [[寶靜]]||1899 - 1940||A well-traveled lecturer, patriarch of the Tiāntái School, and Dìxián's [[諦閑]] main disciple and dharma heir
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|Zhōu Shújiā [[周叔迦]]||1899 - 1970||An important scholar and teacher of Consciousness-Only thought during the Republican period, and a founding member of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教協會]]
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|Dàyú [[大愚]]||dates unknown||Founder of an immensely popular lineage of Esoteric Buddhism in Republican China
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|Tánxuán [[談玄]]||dates unknown||He studied both Shingon 真言 and Tendai 天台 forms of Esotericism in the mid 1930s, and brought thousands of texts related to those schools from Japan to China in [[1935]].
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|Mànshūjiēdì [[曼殊揭諦]]||dates unknown||A half-Japanese monk and teacher of esoteric Buddhism active in the 1920s and 1930s
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|Chéng Zháiān [[程宅安]]||dates unknown||A lay acārya of Eastern Esoteric Buddhism [[東密]], and author of the important Republican-era esoteric text 密宗要義
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|Yóu Zhìbiǎo [[尤智表]]||1901 - 19??||A Harvard-trained engineer and a lay Buddhist. He was the author of two important books on science and Buddhism, which were published in the 1940s
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|Zhīfēng [[芝峰]] (also written 芝峯)||1901 - 19??||A monk and educator during the Republican period, closely allied with Tàixū until they had a falling out
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|Miàoshàn [[妙善]]||1901 - ????||The founder of Yuánguāng Temple 圓光寺 in Xīnzhú County 新竹縣, Táiwān [[台灣]]
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|Chúnmì [[純密]]||1901 - 1970||A monastic teacher of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism [[東密]] in Cháozhōu [[潮州]]
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|Xiǎnyìn [[顯蔭]]||1902 - 1925||The first Chinese monk of the 20th century to study Japanese Esoteric Buddhism [[東密]]
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|Fǎzūn [[法尊]]||1902 - 1980||A prominent teacher of esoteric Buddhism, and longtime principal of the Sino-Tibetan Institute [[漢藏教理院]] in Chóngqìng 重慶
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|Zēng Pǔxìn [[曾普信]]||1902 - 1977||A Taiwanese Sōtō priest
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|Yándìng [[嚴定]]||1903 - 1957||A Chinese monk who taught Tibetan language and Tibetan Buddhism [[西密]] in China in the 1930s, 40s, and 50s.
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|Jǐng Chāngjí [[景昌極]]||1903 - 1982||An educator and a student of Ōuyáng Jiàn
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|Guānkōng [[觀空]]||1903 - 1989||A student and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism [[西密]] in the middle part of the 20th century.
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|-
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|Fǎfǎng [[法舫]]||1904 - 1951||A close disciple of Tàixū 太虛, and was involved with many of the Buddhist seminaries and organizations associated with him
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|-
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|Dùhuán [[度寰]]||1905 - 1988||A monk, student of esoteric Buddhism, and doctor of Chinese medicine. He was a living link in the Chinese Buddhist tradition through the Cultural Revolution
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|-
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|Lǐ Yuányīn [[李元音]]||1905 - 2000||Third patriarch of the Seal-Mind School 印心宗
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|-
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|Yìnshùn [[印順]]||1906 - 2004||Perhaps the most respected Chinese scholar-monk during the latter half of the 20th century.
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|-
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|Dàoān [[道安]]||1907 - 1977||A teacher, author and editor based at Sōngshān Temple 松山寺 near Táiběi [[台北]]
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|-
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|Zhènhuá [[震華]]||1908 - 1947||A teacher-monk and supporter of Tàixū [[太虛]] who was active in Jiāngsū [[江蘇]] and Zhèjiāng [[浙江]] during the [[1930s]] and [[1940s]].
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|-
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|Wěifǎng [[葦舫]]||1908 - 1969||A monk connected with many of the seminaries in Republican China, both as a student and a teacher. He was also a long-time disciple of Tàixū [[太虛]].
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|-
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|Jùzàn [[巨贊]]||1908 - 1984||A Buddhist teacher who participated in the War of Resistance and worked closely with the Communist government after the founding of the PRC
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|-
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|Shì Dōngchū [[釋東初]]||1908 - 1977||A prolific monk of the Cáodòng branch 曹洞派 of the Chán school 禪宗 who wrote and published many key works on modern Chinese Buddhism
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|-
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|Chénkōng [[塵空]]||1908 - 1979||A prolific writer whose works often appeared in the periodical Hǎicháoyīn [[海潮音]]
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|-
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|Yú Déyuán [[虞德元]]||1909 - 1989||A lay teacher and researcher of Buddhism
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|-
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|Miàoshàn [[妙善]]||1909 - 2000||A living link in the Chinese Buddhist tradition through the Cultural Revolution, he was the driving force behind much of the Buddhist reconstruction that occurred on Pǔtuó shān [[普陀山]] in the 1980s and 1990s.
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|-
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|Míngshān [[茗山]]||1914 - 2001||Head of the Jiaoshan Buddhist Seminary [[焦山佛學院]] from 1947
 +
|-
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|Fúshàn [[福善]]||1915 - 1947||Chief editor for the magazine Human Awakening [[人間覺]]
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|-
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|Cízhōu [[慈舟#Cízhōu 慈舟 (1915-2003)|慈舟]]||1915 - 2003||Late abbot of Lóngchāng Temple [[隆昌寺]] on Mt. Bǎohuá [[寶華山]], and a living link in the Chinese ''vianaya'' tradition from before to after the Cultural Revolution
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|-
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|Xú Héngzhì [[徐恆志]]||1915-2007||A prominent Chinese layman of the [[1950s]] and 1990s. He taught in the Seal-Mind School [[印心宗]] as well
 +
|-
 +
|Dān Péigēn [[單培根]]||1917 - 1995||A student of consciousness-only and Chinese medicine
 +
|-
 +
|[[Holmes Welch]]||1924 - 1981||An important American scholar of Daoism and early 20th century Chinese Buddhism
|}
|}

Current revision as of 08:27, 6 January 2013

Biography Portal

We are currently working on 132 biographical articles. This list is ordered by date of birth.

Name Dates Notes
Dàdìng 大定1824 - 1906One of the most important Chán 禪 masters of the late Qīng 清 period. His reputation helped establish Jiāngtiān Chán Temple 江天禪寺 as one of the premier Chán training sites in early 20th-century China
Miàoshàn 妙善1827 - 1923 Abbess of Qīngzhēn Hermitage 清真庵 in Fújiàn 福建
Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會1837 - 1911Yáng has been called the progenitor of the modern Buddhist revival in China; he established a sūtra publishing house and school for monastics in Nánjīng 南京
Xūyún 虛雲1840 - 1959A renowned Chán master whose long life spanned the Qing, Republican, and People's Republic periods of modern Chinese history
Timothy Richard 李提摩太1845 - 1919Welsh missionary who spent 40 years in China, and who studied and published on Buddhism in China
Gonda Raifu 權田雷斧1846-1934A Japanese Shingon 真言 master and the teacher of several Chinese Buddhists in the 1920s
Nanjō Bunyū / Nanjio Bunyiu 南条文雄1849 - 1927A priest of the Ōtani 大谷 sect of Japan's Jodō Shinshū 浄土真宗 school. He studied at Oxford with famed orientalist Max Müller, and collaborated with Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會 on a number of Buddhist projects. Chief among which was the reprinting of Buddhist texts held in Japan, but lost in China.
Jìchán 寄禪1852 - 1912A famous Chán master and poet during the late Qing. He was an important person in transitional Qing-Republican Buddhism.
Yěkāi 冶開1852 - 1923An influential teacher of Chán 禪 and restorer of temples during the late Qīng 清 period.
Dìxián 諦閑1858 - 1932The 43rd patriarch of the Tiāntái 天台 lineage, he wrote and lectured widely during his lifetime
Yuèxiá 月霞1858 - 1917An important teacher and Chán master of the late Qing and early Republican periods. He was associated with several early Buddhist schools, including Huáyán University 華嚴大學
Guì Bóhuá 桂伯華1861 - 1915An important networker in fin de siècle Chinese Buddhism. He was a student of Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會 and the man who convinced Ōuyáng Jiàn 歐陽漸 to study Buddhism.
Yìnguāng 印光1861 - 1940Credited with reviving the Pure Land school 淨土宗 in China
Zōngyǎng 宗仰1861 - 1921A Jiāngnán 江南 monk, most famously associated with revolutionary activities in Shànghǎi 上海 in the first decade of the 20th century
Xià Zēngyòu 夏曾佑1863 - 1924A famous historian and poet of the late Qīng 清 period, as well as a noted lay Buddhist scholar.
Liza Roos, Luó Jiālíng 羅迦陵1864 - 1941The wife of prominent Shànghǎi businessman Silas Hardoon. She donated a great deal of wealth to various Buddhist activities, and she was a supporter of the monk Zōngyǎng 宗仰
Hú Zǐhù 胡子笏1864 - 1943An active lay Buddhist who was instrumental in the establishment of a number of seminaries and other Buddhist institutions during the Republican period
Zhāng Kèchéng 張克誠1865 - 1922An important Běijīng-based scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識 in the first decade of the Republic
Shī Shěngzhī 施省之1865 - 1945A government official, first as a diplomat to the U.S. during the late Qing, then in the offices of the various state-run railroads of the late Qing and Republican periods. He was very active in Shanghai lay Buddhism during the last two decades of his life
Tán Sìtóng 譚嗣同1865 - 1898A reformer and intellectual of the late Qing, Tán was the author of Buddhist-inspired Rén xué 仁學
Pǔcháng 溥常b.1866A lecturer and teacher active in the Jiāngnán 江南 region in the 1910s and 1930s
Dàojiē 道階1866 - 1934One of the first great internationals monk of the modern period
Wáng Yītíng 王一亭1867 - 1938A famous painter and calligrapher of the Republican period, Wáng was also a noted industrialist and lay Buddhist
Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎1868 - 1936One of the most important Chinese thinkers of the 20th century. A scholar, and reformer of the late Qing period, from the first decade of the 20th century he turned increasingly to Buddhism
Cài Yuánpéi 蔡元培1868 - 1940)A well-known educator who lectured on Buddhist topics and who supported Buddhist activities.
Cíháng 慈航1869 - 1919A minor figure, and local charitable monk.
Lama Bái Pǔrén 白普仁1870 - 1927A Mongolian Lama of Gelug order, and abbot of Yōnghé Temple 雍和宮 in Běijīng 北京
Tokiwa Daijō 常盤大定1870 - 1945A Japanese Buddhologist who wrote several important studies of Chinese Buddhism.
Ōuyáng Jiàn 歐陽漸1871 - 1943Lay Buddhist teacher and founder of the Chinese Inner Studies Institute 支那內學院
Sakaino Satoru 境野哲1871 - 1933Japanese scholar and author of Buddhism whose works were influential in China.
Liáng Qǐchāo 梁啓超1873 - 1929One of the most important Chinese thinkers of the early 20th century. A reformer and journalist, he was also a polymath and scholar of note, and some of his work focused on the history of Chinese Buddhism.
Jiǎng Wéiqiáo 蔣維喬1873 - 1958An important educator, politician, and lay Buddhist of the Republican period
Yú Liǎowēng 余了翁1873 - 1941A lay Buddhist scholar and editor of Fóxué chūbǎn jiè 佛學出版界
Yīngcí 應慈1873 - 1965A Chán Master and seminary organizer of the Republican period. He lectured widely on Huáyán thought from the 1930s to the 1950s, and led several ordinations in the 1950s.
Dorjé Chöpa 多杰覺拔1874 - 19??The first fully ordained Tibetan monk to teach Chinese students about Tibetan Buddhism in the Republican period.
Yíguāng 怡光1874 - 1930He rebuilt Kāiyuán Temple 開元寺 in Cháozhōu 潮州 in the early 20th century
Zhū Zǐqiáo 朱子橋1874 - 1941A career solider and lay Buddhist, he was responsible for a great many works of Buddhist restoration in China's Northwest in the 1920s and 1930s
Dīng Fúbǎo 丁福保1874 - 1952Writer and publisher, best known for his Great Dictionary of Buddhism 佛學大辭典 published in 1922, a translation of Bukkyō daijiten 仏教大辞典 by Oda Tokunō 織田徳能
Chándìng 禪定1874 - 19??A monk associated with the Tiāntái 天台 school and the Guānzōng Lecture Temple 觀宗講寺 in Níngbō 寧波
Wáng Xiǎoxú 王小徐1875 - 1948One of China's great early modern scientists, Wáng was a founding member of Academia Sinica and, as a lay Buddhist, wrote several of the most influential works on Buddhism and science in the Republican period
Tánxū 倓虛1875 - 1963A patriarch of the Tiāntái 天臺 school from northeast China who restored half a dozen temples (mostly in the northeast), and also helped establish 13 Buddhist seminaries during his life
Shǐ Yīrú 史一如1876 - 1925A scholar of Buddhist Logic, translator of works of Japanese Buddhology, and early confederate of Tàixū 太虛. He taught at the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院 during its first year
Wáng Hóngyuàn 王弘願1876 - 1937A lay Buddhist of the Republican period, and an important, but highly controversial, proponent of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism
Karl Ludvig Reichelt, Ài Xiāngdé 艾香德1877 - 1952A Protestant missionary from Norway who worked in China from 1903 to his death in 1952. He was acquainted with many important Chinese Buddhists and his sympathetic attitude toward Buddhism is well known
Zhū Fèihuáng 朱芾煌1877 - 1955?Zhū is best known for his Dictionary of Dharmalakṣaṇa 法相辭典 (1939)
Cízhōu 慈舟1877 - 1958A student of Yuèxiá 月霞, Cízhōu lectured extensively on the Huáyán Sūtra 華嚴經 from the late 1920s into the 1940s
Xú Wèirú 徐蔚如1878 - 1937He ran two major Buddhist presses in Běijīng and Tiānjīn in the 1920s and 1930s. His presses and his own lectures and scholarship focused on Huáyán 華嚴 materials.
Yuányīng 圓瑛1878 - 1953A towering figure of Republican Buddhism, and a critic of Tàixū's more radical suggestions for reform. He was president of the Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會 from 1928 to 1937. He was also the abbot of a number of important temples in the Jiāngnán 江南 region
Lín Zǎipíng 林宰平1879-1960A prominent Buddhist layman who taught philosophy and economics at Beijing Qinghua Universities in the 1920s and 1930s.
Xiànmíng 現明1880 - 1941A northern monk, he restored Guǎngjì Temple 廣濟寺 in the early 1920s
Hóngyī 弘一1880 - 1942An educated and literate leader of the New Culture movement, who turned his back on modernity to become a monk
Méi Guāngxī 梅光羲1880 - 1947A major scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識, he provided financial backing both to the Jinling Scriptural Press 金陵刻經處 and the Chinese Inner Studies Institute 支那內學院
Zhāng Huàshēng 張化聲1880 - 19??Teacher at the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院 and a colleague of Tàixū 太虛
Chén Yuán 陳垣1880 - 1971 A founding figure in the history of religion in China, author of several studies on Chinese Buddhism, and a former head of Fǔrén University 輔仁大學.
Kāng Jìyáo 康寄遙1880 - 1968 A lay Buddhist, scholar and publisher active in China's northwest.
Wáng Sēnfǔ 王森甫1881 - 1934A successful businessman and lay Buddhist, Wáng provided material support for Tàixū's 太虛 activities in Wǔchāng 武昌 in the early 1920s and was a founding member of the Buddhist Right Faith Society 佛教正信會
Fàn Gǔnóng 范古農1881 - 1951A highly influential editor of Buddhist books and periodicals in the Republic
Láiguǒ 來果1881 - 1953In his 35-year stint as as abbot, he was responsible for turning Gāomín Temple 高旻寺 into one of the preeminent centers for Chán practice in the early 20th century.
Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城1883 - 1943Probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period, Lǚ was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist
The Panchen Lama 班禪1883 - 1937The ninth Panchen Lama, Thubten Choekyi Nyima
Qū Yìngguāng 屈映光1883 - 1973A prominent minister of the Republican era, he held many posts including that of governor of Shāndōng 山東 in 1919. He was initiated into esoteric Buddhism in 1929
Sū Mànshū 蘇曼殊1884 - 1918An important artist and writer of the late Qing and early Republican periods. Mànshū was also a sometimes monk, and one of the first Chinese Sanskritists of the modern period
Hán Qīngjìng 韓清淨1884 - 1949A well known Northern lay scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識, often paired with Ōuyáng Jìngwú 歐陽竟無 as one of the greatest scholars of that philosophy during the Republican period
Sherab Gyatso 喜饒嘉措1884 - 1968A Gelug monk and longtime president of the early Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教協會
Jiǎng Zuòbīn 蔣作賓1884 - 1941 A military leader and later official under the Nationalist government, co-founder of the Juéshè 覺社.
Kōngyě 空也1885 - 1946An important monk, based primarily in Nányuè 南嶽, one of the first teachers at the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary
Wáng Xiāngliù 王驤陸1885 - 1958Second patriarch of the Seal-Mind School 印心宗 of Esoteric Buddhism, after Dàyú 大愚, the school's founder and first patriarch
Xióng Shílì 熊十力1885 - 1968Author of the controversial Xīn wéishì lùn 新唯識論 (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), Xióng was a philosopher and revolutionary of the late Qing and Republican periods
Nénghǎi 能海1886 - 1967One of the most significant Chinese exponent of Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism 西密 in 20th century China
Rénshān 仁山1887 - 1951A noted monastic educator of the Republican period. He was a confederate of Tàixū 太虛, with whom he instigated the "Invasion of Jīnshān" 大鬧金山
Zhìguāng 智光1889 - 1963An important educator and abbot in Jiāngsū and Táiwān.
Dài Jìtáo 戴季陶1890 - 1949A politician and ideologue who supported Buddhist activities under the rubric of "National Salvation" (jiùguó 救國)
Huáng Chànhuá 黃懺華1890? - 1977Best known for his history of Chinese Buddhism 中國佛教史 published in 1940, based on that of Jiǎng Wéiqiáo 蔣維喬 published in 1929, which was in turn based on 支那仏教史綱 by Sakaino Satoru 境野哲 published in 1907
Lí Duānfǔ 黎端甫1890? - 19??A lay Buddhist, said to be one of the four great disciples of Yáng Wénhuì 楊文會
Wáng Ēnyáng 王恩洋1890 - 1949A student and professor of Buddhist philosophy, especially Dharmalakṣaṇa and Consciousness-Only 法相唯識
Tàixū 太虛1890 - 1947One of the most influential Chinese Buddhist figures of the modern era, a reformer who established seminaries and Buddhist periodicals, such as his long-running Hǎicháo yīn 海潮音
Táng Dàyuán 唐大圓1890? - 1941A colleague of Tàixū 太虛, a noted lay teacher of monks, and scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識 thought
Shànyīn 善因1890? - 19??He and Kōngyě 空也 were Tàixū’s 太虛 early right-hand men. Shànyīn was particularly interested in Consciousness-Only 唯識 and Madhyamaka thought.
Lǐ Jīngwéi 李經緯18?? - 19?? A co-founder and permanent board member of Shànghǎi Buddhist Books 上海佛學書局, as well as a lay Buddhist and an author.
Yù Huìguān 玉慧觀1891 - 1933A Korean-born Chinese businessman, politician, and lay Buddhist
Ǎitíng 靄亭1892 - 1947A follower of Yuèxiá 月霞. Active in the Jiāngnán 江南 region in the 1920s and 1930s, in the mid 1930s he moved to Hong Kong and helped establish a major nunnery there.
Huìjué 會覺1892 - 1971One of Tàixū's leading disciples, and a teacher of monks
Dàyǒng 大勇1893 - 1929A Hàn 漢 monk who was famous for teaching Japanese Esoteric Buddhism 東密, as well as leading a group to Tibet to study Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism 西密
Tāng Yòngtóng 湯用彤1893 - 1964An influential Chinese scholar of Buddhist history who was active primarily in the first half of the 20th century. His works are still widely consulted by scholars the world over
Chísōng 持松1894 - 1972A famed teacher of Esoteric Buddhism
Lǐ Yuánjìng 李圓淨ca.1894 - 1950A lay Buddhist, author, and publisher whose Buddhist scholarship was well-known during the Republican period
Cíháng 慈航1895 - 1954A monk active in Southeast Asia in the 1930s and 1940s, and then in Taiwan. His mummified "meat body" 肉身 was the first made in Taiwan, and is still on display today.
Chángxǐng 常惺1896 - 1939A prominent teacher, associated with several important early seminaries, as well as the Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會 of 1929
Lǚ Chéng 呂澂1896 - 1989A student of Ōuyáng Jiàn 歐陽漸, headed his Chinese Inner Studies Institute 支那內學院, and remained a prominent figure in Chinese Buddhism after 1949.
Fēng Zǐkǎi 豐子愷1898 - 1975An important artist and illustrator of the Republican period. He was also an active lay Buddhist.
Dàxǐng 大醒1899 - 1952A student of Tàixū 太虛 and leader of the Minnan Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院
Chén Yuánbái 陳元白18?? - 19??A prominent lay Buddhist in the Wǔhàn 武漢 area, who helped establish the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院
Mǎnzhì 滿智18?? - 19??One of Tàixū's right-hand monks from the mid 1920s and to mid 1930s, and the founding president of the Sino-Tibetan Institute 漢藏教理院 in Sìchuān 四川
The Living Buddha of Jīnshān 金山活佛18?? - 1935A famous meditation master and ascetic who was known for his miraculous powers. Active from the early 1920s to his death.
Táiyuán 台源18?? - 1941A monk from northeastern China who was active in Běijīng 北京 in the 1920s. He turned to Esoteric Buddhism near the end of his life
Bǎojìng 寶靜1899 - 1940A well-traveled lecturer, patriarch of the Tiāntái School, and Dìxián's 諦閑 main disciple and dharma heir
Zhōu Shújiā 周叔迦1899 - 1970An important scholar and teacher of Consciousness-Only thought during the Republican period, and a founding member of the Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教協會
Dàyú 大愚dates unknownFounder of an immensely popular lineage of Esoteric Buddhism in Republican China
Tánxuán 談玄dates unknownHe studied both Shingon 真言 and Tendai 天台 forms of Esotericism in the mid 1930s, and brought thousands of texts related to those schools from Japan to China in 1935.
Mànshūjiēdì 曼殊揭諦dates unknownA half-Japanese monk and teacher of esoteric Buddhism active in the 1920s and 1930s
Chéng Zháiān 程宅安dates unknownA lay acārya of Eastern Esoteric Buddhism 東密, and author of the important Republican-era esoteric text 密宗要義
Yóu Zhìbiǎo 尤智表1901 - 19??A Harvard-trained engineer and a lay Buddhist. He was the author of two important books on science and Buddhism, which were published in the 1940s
Zhīfēng 芝峰 (also written 芝峯)1901 - 19??A monk and educator during the Republican period, closely allied with Tàixū until they had a falling out
Miàoshàn 妙善1901 - ????The founder of Yuánguāng Temple 圓光寺 in Xīnzhú County 新竹縣, Táiwān 台灣
Chúnmì 純密1901 - 1970A monastic teacher of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism 東密 in Cháozhōu 潮州
Xiǎnyìn 顯蔭1902 - 1925The first Chinese monk of the 20th century to study Japanese Esoteric Buddhism 東密
Fǎzūn 法尊1902 - 1980A prominent teacher of esoteric Buddhism, and longtime principal of the Sino-Tibetan Institute 漢藏教理院 in Chóngqìng 重慶
Zēng Pǔxìn 曾普信1902 - 1977A Taiwanese Sōtō priest
Yándìng 嚴定1903 - 1957A Chinese monk who taught Tibetan language and Tibetan Buddhism 西密 in China in the 1930s, 40s, and 50s.
Jǐng Chāngjí 景昌極1903 - 1982An educator and a student of Ōuyáng Jiàn
Guānkōng 觀空1903 - 1989A student and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism 西密 in the middle part of the 20th century.
Fǎfǎng 法舫1904 - 1951A close disciple of Tàixū 太虛, and was involved with many of the Buddhist seminaries and organizations associated with him
Dùhuán 度寰1905 - 1988A monk, student of esoteric Buddhism, and doctor of Chinese medicine. He was a living link in the Chinese Buddhist tradition through the Cultural Revolution
Lǐ Yuányīn 李元音1905 - 2000Third patriarch of the Seal-Mind School 印心宗
Yìnshùn 印順1906 - 2004Perhaps the most respected Chinese scholar-monk during the latter half of the 20th century.
Dàoān 道安1907 - 1977A teacher, author and editor based at Sōngshān Temple 松山寺 near Táiběi 台北
Zhènhuá 震華1908 - 1947A teacher-monk and supporter of Tàixū 太虛 who was active in Jiāngsū 江蘇 and Zhèjiāng 浙江 during the 1930s and 1940s.
Wěifǎng 葦舫1908 - 1969A monk connected with many of the seminaries in Republican China, both as a student and a teacher. He was also a long-time disciple of Tàixū 太虛.
Jùzàn 巨贊1908 - 1984A Buddhist teacher who participated in the War of Resistance and worked closely with the Communist government after the founding of the PRC
Shì Dōngchū 釋東初1908 - 1977A prolific monk of the Cáodòng branch 曹洞派 of the Chán school 禪宗 who wrote and published many key works on modern Chinese Buddhism
Chénkōng 塵空1908 - 1979A prolific writer whose works often appeared in the periodical Hǎicháoyīn 海潮音
Yú Déyuán 虞德元1909 - 1989A lay teacher and researcher of Buddhism
Miàoshàn 妙善1909 - 2000A living link in the Chinese Buddhist tradition through the Cultural Revolution, he was the driving force behind much of the Buddhist reconstruction that occurred on Pǔtuó shān 普陀山 in the 1980s and 1990s.
Míngshān 茗山1914 - 2001Head of the Jiaoshan Buddhist Seminary 焦山佛學院 from 1947
Fúshàn 福善1915 - 1947Chief editor for the magazine Human Awakening 人間覺
Cízhōu 慈舟1915 - 2003Late abbot of Lóngchāng Temple 隆昌寺 on Mt. Bǎohuá 寶華山, and a living link in the Chinese vianaya tradition from before to after the Cultural Revolution
Xú Héngzhì 徐恆志1915-2007A prominent Chinese layman of the 1950s and 1990s. He taught in the Seal-Mind School 印心宗 as well
Dān Péigēn 單培根1917 - 1995A student of consciousness-only and Chinese medicine
Holmes Welch1924 - 1981An important American scholar of Daoism and early 20th century Chinese Buddhism
Retrieved from "http://dmcb.dila.edu.tw/dmcb/Biography_Portal"
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