Ximi 西密

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Western Esoteric Buddhism (Xīmì 西密)

20th Century Chinese History

Xīmì 西密 was an early 20th century Chinese term for Tibetan Esoteric Buddhism, used in contradistinction to "Eastern," or Japanese, Esoteric Buddhism 東密.


Erik Hammerstrom

Notable Proponents in China

References

  • Bianchi, Ester. "L'insegnamento tantrico del 'lama cinese' Nenghai (1886-1967). Inquadramen to storico e analisi testuale del corpus di Yamāntaka-Vajrabhairava." Ph.D. disst. Università Ca'Foscari di Venezia - Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Religieuses, 2003.
  • ----. "The Tantric Rebirth Movement in Modern China." Acta Orientalia, vol. 57, no. 1 (April 2004): 31-54.
  • Tuttle, Gray. Tibetan Buddhism in the Making of Modern China. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
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