User talk:Greg

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Western Year 西歷 Sexagenary Cycle1 干支 Buddhist Year2
佛歷 		Political / Historical Events3 Era Names 年號
1850 gengxu 庚戌 2394 Feb. 25 Daoguang Emperor dies Daoguang 道光 30

[Japan] Kaei 嘉永 3

1851 xinhai 辛亥

Feb. 1

2395 Jan. 31 Daoguang era ends

Feb. 1 Xianfeng era begins
Taiping Rebellion begins
Nian Rebellion begins
Taiping Yuannian era begins

Xianfeng 咸豐 1

[Taiping] Yuannian 元年 1
[Japan] Kaei 4

1852 renzi 任子

Feb. 20

2396 April-May Tiaping forces lay siege to Guilin Xianfeng 2

[Taiping] Yuannian 2
[Japan] Kaei 5

1853 guichou 癸丑

Feb. 8

2397 Jan. 12 Taiping army occupies Wuchang
Mar. 20 Taiping army seizes Nanjing 		Xianfeng 3

[Taiping] Yuannian 3
[Japan] Kaei 6

1854 jiayin 甲寅

Jan. 29

2398 Chinese Maritime Customs Service established in Shanghai
Mar. 31 Treaty of Kanagawa signed between US and Japan

Nov. 27 Kaei era ends, Ansei era begins in Japan

Xianfeng 4

[Taiping] Yuannian 4
[Japan] Kaei 7
[Japan] Ansei 安政 1

1855 yimao 乙卯

Feb. 17

2399 Mar. 17 Taiping army invades Anhui Xianfeng 5

[Taiping] Yuannian 5
[Japan] Ansei 2

1856 bingchen 丙辰

Feb. 6

2400 Oct. 8 The "Arrow incident" which would lead to the Second Opium War

Start of the Panthay Rebellion

Xianfeng 6

[Taiping] Yuannian 6
[Japan] Ansei 3

1857 dingsi 丁巳

Jan. 26

2401 Mar. 3 The United Kingdom and France formally declare war on China Xianfeng 7

[Taiping] Yuannian 7
[Japan] Ansei 4

1858 wuwu 戊午

Feb. 14

2402 May 28 Treaty of Aigun signed
June Treaties of Tianjin signed, temporarily ending Second Opium War
July 29 Harris Treaty signed between US and Japan 		Xianfeng 8

[Taiping] Yuannian 8
[Japan] Ansei 5

1859 jiwei 己未

Feb. 3

2403 June 25 Dagu fort repels British naval force at Tianjin Xianfeng 9

[Taiping] Yuannian 9
[Japan] Ansei 6

1860 gengshen 庚申

Jan. 23

2404 Mar. 18 Ansei era ends, Man'en era begins in Japan

Oct. 18 Convention of Peking signed, ending the Second Opium War
Oct. Destruction of the Summer Palaces

Xianfeng 10

[Taiping] Yuannian 10
[Japan] Ansei 7
[Japan] Man'en 万延 1

1861 xinyou 辛酉

Feb. 10

2405 Zongli Yamen (Foreign Office) established

Feb. 19 Man'en era ends, Bunkyū era begins in Japan

Xianfeng 11

[Taiping] Yuannian 11
Japan] Man'en 2
[Japan] Bunkyū 文久 1

1862 renxu 任戌

Jan. 30

2406 Tongwen Guan foreign language school established

Jan. 29 Xianfeng era ends
Jan. 30 Tongzhi era begins
First of the "Dungan Revolts"

Tongzhi 同治 1

[Taiping] Yuannian 12
[Japan] Bunkyū 2

1863 guihai 癸亥

Feb. 18

2407 Tongzhi 2

[Taiping] Yuannian 13
[Japan] Bunkyū 3

1864 jiazi 甲子
Feb. 8 		2408 Most territories of the Taiping reclaimed by the Qing

Mar. 27 Bunkyū era ends, Genji era begins in Japan

Tongzhi 3

[Taiping] Yuannian 14
[Japan] Bunkyū 4
[Japan] Genji 元治 1

1865 yichou 乙丑

Jan. 27

2409 May 1 Genji era ends, Keiō era begins in Japan
June 25 James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission 		Tongzhi 4

[Taiping] Yuannian 15
[Japan] Genji 2
[Japan] Keiō 慶応 1

1866 bingyin 丙寅

Feb. 15

2410 Tongzhi 5

[Taiping] Yuannian 16
[Japan] Keiō 2

1867 dingmao 丁卯

Feb. 5

2411 Jan. 30 Death of Emperor Kōmei 孝明天皇
Feb. 3 Abdication of Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu 		Tongzhi 6

[Taiping] Yuannian 17
[Japan] Keiō 3

1868 wuchen 戊辰

Jan. 25

2412

Taiping Yuannian era ends
End of the Nian Rebellion
Jan. 3 Meiji Emperor proclaims his restoration
Aug. 22-23 Yangzhou riots against foreign missionary presence in China
Oct. 23 Meiji era begins in Japan

Tongzhi 7

[Taiping] Yuannian 18
[Japan] Keiō 4
[Japan] Meiji 明治 1

1869 jisi 己巳

Feb. 11

2413 Tongzhi 8

[Japan] Meiji 2

1870 gengwu 庚午

Jan. 31

2414 Tongzhi 9

[Japan] Meiji 3

1871 xinwei 辛未

Feb. 19

2415 Tongzhi 10

[Japan] Meiji 4

1872 renshen 壬申

Feb. 9

2416 Tongzhi 11

[Japan] Meiji 5

1873 guiyou 癸酉

Jan. 29

2417 Panthay Rebellion ends Tongzhi 12

[Japan] Meiji 6

1874 jiaxu 甲戌

Feb. 17

2418 Tongzhi 13

[Japan] Meiji 7

1875 yihai 乙亥

Feb. 6

2419 Jan. 12 Death of the Tongzhi emperor; Guangxu emperor assumes the throne
Feb. 5 Tongzhi era ends

Feb. 6 Guangxu era begins

Guangxu 光緒 1

[Japan] Meiji 8

1876 bingzi 丙子

Jan. 26

2420 Guangxu 2

[Japan] Meiji 9

1877 dingchou 丁丑

Feb. 13

2421 Last of the "Dungan rebellions" is suppressed Guangxu 3

[Japan] Meiji 10

1878 wuyin 戊寅

Feb. 2

2422 Guangxu 4

[Japan] Meiji 11

1879 yimao 己卯

Jan. 22

2423 Guangxu 5

[Japan] Meiji 12

1880 gengchen 庚辰

Feb. 10

2424 Guangxu 6

[Japan] Meiji 13

1881 xinsi 辛巳

Jan. 30

2425 Guangxu 7

[Japan] Meiji 14

1882 renwu 壬午

Feb. 18

2426 July Rioters attack Japanese legation in Seoul, Korea Guangxu 8

[Japan] Meiji 15

1883 guiwei 癸未

Feb. 8

2427 Fall Sino-French war begins in Vietnam Guangxu 9

[Japan] Meiji 16

1884 jiashen 甲申

Jan. 28

2428 August Battle of Fuzhou between France and China
Dec. 4 Capsin Coup briefly overthrows government of Korea 		Guangxu 10

[Japan] Meiji 17

1885 yiyou 乙酉

Feb. 15

2429 April 4 Peace protocol proclaimed in Sino-French War
June 9 Li Hongzhang signs the treaty that ends the Sino-French War 		Guangxu 11

[Japan] Meiji 18

1886 bingxu 丙戌

Feb. 4

2430 Guangxu 12

[Japan] Meiji 19

1887 dinghai 丁亥

Jan. 24

2431 Japan annexes Iwo Jima Guangxu 13

[Japan] Meiji 20

1888 wuzi 戊子

Feb. 12

2432 Guangxu 14

[Japan] Meiji 21

1889 jichou 己丑

Jan. 31

2433 Feb. 11 Meiji Constitution of Japan proclaimed Guangxu 15

[Japan] Meiji 22

1890 gengyin 庚寅

Jan. 21

2434 Guangxu 16

[Japan] Meiji 23

1891 xinmao 辛卯

Feb. 9

2435 Guangxu 17

[Japan] Meiji 24

1892 renchen 壬辰

Jan. 30

2436 Guangxu 18

[Japan] Meiji 25

1893 guisi 癸巳

Feb. 17

2437 Guangxu 19

[Japan] Meiji 26

1894 jiawu 甲午

Feb. 6

2438 Aug. 1 Start of First Sino-Japanese War
Nov. 21 Japan occupies Port Arthur 		Guangxu 20

[Japan] Meiji 27

1895 yiwei 乙未

Jan. 26

2439 Apr. 17 Treaty of Shimonoseki signed, ending the First Sino-Japanese War

May 25 Qing officials in Taiwan proclaim Republic of Formosa
May 29 Japanese troops land in Jilong, Taiwan
Oct. 23 Formosa resistance ended in Taiwan
Oct. 26 Failed uprising in Guangzhou
Dec. 8 Yuan Shikai appointed general of nacent New Army

Guangxu 21

[Japan] Meiji 28

1896 bingshen 丙申

Feb. 13

2440 Guangxu 22

[Japan] Meiji 29

1897 dingyou 丁酉

Feb. 2

2441 Guangxu 23

[Japan] Meiji 30

1898 wuxu 戊戌

Jan. 22

2442 Mar. 6 German Empire leases Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao) for 99 years
March Russia leases Guandong territory (Port Arthur)

May 27 France occupies Guangzhouwan in Guangzhou
Jun. 11 - Sept. 21 "Hundred Days Reform"
Sept. Emperess Dowager assumes regency of the Qing

Guangxu 24

[Japan] Meiji 31

1899 jihai 己亥

Feb. 10

2443 Guangxu 25

[Japan] Meiji 32

1900 gengzi 庚子

Jan. 31

2444 Jan. 2 Open Door Policy for China announced in U.S.
June Boxer forces attack foreign compounds in Beijing and Tianjin
Aug. 14 International troops invade Beijing 		Guangxu 26

[Japan] Meiji 33

1901 xinchou 辛丑

Feb. 19

2445 Sept. 7 Boxer Protocol signed Guangxu 27

[Japan] Meiji 34

1902 renyin 壬寅

Feb. 8

2446 June 25 New Army renamed Beiyang army, Yuan named Minister of Beiyang Guangxu 28

[Japan] Meiji 35

1903 guimao 癸卯

Jan. 29

2447 Guangxu 29

[Japan] Meiji 36

1904 jiachen 甲辰

Feb. 16

2448 Feb. 8 Start of Russo-Japanaese War

Feb. 9 Battle of Port Arthur

Guangxu 30

[Japan] Meiji 37

1905 yisi 乙巳

Feb. 4

2449 Feb. 19-Mar. 10 Battle of Mukden (Shenyang)
Aug. 10/20 Founding of Tongmenghui in Tokyo

Sept. 2 Examination system abolished
Sept. 5 Treaty of Portsmouth ends Russo-Japanese War

Guangxu 31

[Japan] Meiji 38

1906 bingwu 丙午

Jan. 25

2450 Guangxu 32

[Japan] Meiji 39

1907 dingwei 丁未

Feb. 13

2451 Guangxu 33

[Japan] Meiji 40

1908 wushen 戊申

Feb. 2

2452 Guangxu 34

[Japan] Meiji 41

1909 jiyou 己酉

Jan. 22

2453 Jan. 21 Guangxu era ends

Jan. 22 Xuantong era begins

Xuantong 宣統 1

[Japan] Meiji 42

1910 gengxu 庚戌

Feb. 10

2454 Xuantong 2

[Japan] Meiji 43

1911 xinhai 辛亥

Jan. 30

2455 Oct. 10 Wuchang Uprising, Xinhai revolution begins Xuantong 3

[Japan] Meiji 44

1912 renzi 任子

Feb. 18

2456 Jan. 1 Republic of China proclaimed, Minguo era begins

Feb. 12 Emperor Puyi formally abdicates, Xuantong era ends
Mar. 10 Yuan Shikai takes office of President of the ROC
July 30 Meiji era ends, Taishō era begins in Japan
Aug. 25 Founding of the Republican Party (Guomindang)

Minguo 民國 1

[Japan] Meiji 45
[Japan] Taishō 大正 1

1913 guichou 癸丑

Feb. 6

2457 March 20 Song Jiaoren assassinated Minguo 2

[Japan] Taishō 2

1914 jiayin 甲寅

Jan. 26

2458 Aug. 23 ROC cancels German lease of Jiaozhou Bay

Nov. 7 Jiaozhou Bay occupied by Japan

Minguo 3

[Japan] Taishō 3

1915 yimao 乙卯

Feb. 14

2459 Jan. 18 Japan's Twenty-One Demands delivered to the Chinese government Minguo 4

[Japan] Taishō 4

1916 bingchen 丙辰

Feb. 3

2460 Jan. 1 Yuan Shikai proclaimed Emperor of the Empire of China

Mar. 22 Yuan Shikai abandons status of Emperor
June 5/6 Yuan Shikai dies
Start of the "Warlord Era"

Minguo 5

[Chinese Empire] Hongxian 1
[Japan] Taishō 5

1917 dingsi 丁巳

Jan. 23

2461 July 1 Qing Dynasty proclaimed restored by Zhang Xun

July 12 Qing restoration abandoned

Minguo 6

[Japan] Taishō 6

1918 wuwu 戊午

Feb. 11

2462 Minguo 7

[Japan] Taishō 7

1919 jiwei 己未

Feb. 1

2463 May 4 Student demonstrations of the "May Fourth Movement"

Oct. 10 Sun Yat-sen establishes the Chinese Republican Party in Shanghai

Minguo 8

[Japan] Taishō 8

1920 gengshen 庚申

Feb. 19

2464 Minguo 9

[Japan] Taishō 9

1921 xinyou 辛酉

Feb. 8

2465 Founding of the Chinese Communist Party Minguo 10

[Japan] Taishō 10

1922 renxu 任戌

Jan. 28

2466 Dec. 10 China regains soverignty of Jiaozhou Bay Minguo 11

[Japan] Taishō 11

1923 guihai 癸亥

Feb. 16

2467 Minguo 12

[Japan] Taishō 12

1924 jiazi 甲子
Feb. 5 		2468 Minguo 13

[Japan] Taishō 13

1925 yichou 乙丑

Jan. 24

2469 March 12 Sun Yat-sen dies

May 30 Labour movement in Shanghai

Minguo 14

[Japan] Taishō 14

1926 bingyin 丙寅

Feb. 12

2470 Dec. 25 Taisho emperor dies, Taisho era ends, Shōwa era begins in Japan Minguo 15

[Japan] Taisho 15
[Japan] Shōwa 昭和 1

1927 dingmao 丁卯

Feb. 2

2471 Minguo 16

[Japan] Shōwa 2

1928 wuchen 戊辰

Jan. 22

2472 June 4 Assassination of Zhang Zuolin by Japanese Kantojun forces outside of Shenyang

Dec. 29 Zhang Xueliang in Manchuria accepts Nationalist rule
Dec. 31 Zhang appointed as commander of Northeast Army, formal reunification of China

Minguo 17

[Japan] Shōwa 3

1929 jisi 己巳

Feb. 9

2473 Jan. 1 Gregorian calendar officially adopted by the Republic of China Minguo 18

[Japan] Shōwa 4

1930 gengwu 庚午

Jan. 29

2474 Minguo 19

[Japan] Shōwa 5

1931 xinwei 辛未

Feb. 17

2475 Nov. 7 Provisional Soviet republic established in Jiangxi Minguo 20

[Japan] Shōwa 6

1932 renshen 壬申

Feb. 6

2476 Feb. 18 Manchukuo established, Datong era begins Minguo 21

[Manchukuo] Datong 大同1
[Japan] Shōwa 7

1933 guiyou 癸酉

Jan. 25

2477 Minguo 22

[Manchukuo] Datong 2
[Japan] Shōwa 8

1934 jiaxu 甲戌

Feb. 14

2478 Manchukuo Datong era ends

Puyi proclaimed Kangde Emperor
Manchukuo Kangde era begins
Nov. 5 Jiangxi Soviet dissolves

Minguo 23

[Manchukuo] Kangde 康德1
[Japan] Shōwa 9

1935 yihai 乙亥

Feb. 3

2479 Minguo 24

[Manchukuo] Kangde 2
[Japan] Shōwa 10

1936 bingzi 丙子

Jan. 24

2480 Minguo 25

[Manchukuo] Kangde 3
[Japan] Shōwa 11

1937 dingchou 丁丑

Feb. 11

2481 Marco Polo Bridge incident, start of Second Sino-Japanese War

Republican government moved from Nanjing

Minguo 26

[Manchukuo] Kangde 4
[Japan] Shōwa 12

1938 wuyin 戊寅

Jan. 31

2482 Minguo 27

[Manchukuo] Kangde 5
[Japan] Shōwa 13

1939 yimao 己卯

Feb. 19

2483 Minguo 28

[Manchukuo] Kangde 6
[Japan] Shōwa 14

1940 gengchen 庚辰

Feb. 8

2484 Minguo 29

[Manchukuo] Kangde 7
[Japan] Shōwa 15

1941 xinsi 辛巳

Jan. 27

2485 Dec. 7 Pearl Harbour attacked by Japan Minguo 30

[Manchukuo] Kangde 8
[Japan] Shōwa 16

1942 renwu 壬午

Feb. 15

2486 Minguo 31

[Manchukuo] Kangde 9
[Japan] Shōwa 17

1943 guiwei 癸未

Feb. 4

2487 Minguo 32

[Manchukuo] Kangde 10
[Japan] Shōwa 18

1944 jiashen 甲申

Jan. 25

2488 Minguo 33

[Manchukuo] Kangde 11
[Japan] Shōwa 19

1945 yiyou 乙酉

Feb. 12

2489 August Manchukuo invaded by Soviet Union
Sept. 2 Japan formally surrenders to the Allies 		Minguo 34

[Japan] Shōwa 20

1946 bingxu 丙戌

Feb. 2

2490 Minguo 35

[Japan] Shōwa 21

1947 dinghai 丁亥

Jan. 22

2491 Minguo 36

[Japan] Shōwa 22

1948 wuzi 戊子

Feb. 10

2492 Minguo 37

[Japan] Shōwa 23

1949 jichou 己丑

Jan. 29

2493 Oct. 1 Establishment of People's Republic of China Minguo 38

[Japan] Shōwa 24

1950 gengyin 庚寅

Feb. 16

2494 Minguo 39

[Japan] Shōwa 25</tbody>


Notes

1) Refers to the Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch pair for the year of the Chinese calendar beginning early in this Western calendar year and ending early in the next one. For example, the xinhai 辛亥 year of 1911 actually runs from Jan. 30 1911 to Feb. 17 1912. If a Western date appears below the pair, then this is the starting date of the lunar year.

2) The modern Buddhist calendar uses 543 BCE as the date of the Buddha's birth and counts from that year, but previously 1027 BCE was one of the most widely accepted dates in Chinese historiography for this event. See an account of this system in the ealy 20th century in Joseph Edkins, Chinese Buddhism, p. 12. Some sources use the older date to calculate the Buddhist year, so subtract 483 to convert into the current standard Buddhist year. Interestingly 1027 BCE was also one of the propopsed dates for the founding of the Zhou dynasty.

[Buddhist years begin on 4/8 of the Chinese calendar, the traditional date for the Buddha's date of birth.] ed. to be confirmed

3) Dates are approximate - many sources conflate the Western date with the Chinese month and day, so that for example "the second day of the fifth month" in the Chinese calendar becomes recorded as "May 2nd". Wherever possible the proper date for the Western calendar has been used. 

Some dates based on <a href="http://www.sinica.edu.tw/%7Etdbproj/sinocal/luso.html">兩千年中西歷轉換</a>

<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Egas2122/oicb.html">Online Index of Chinese Buddhism</a> <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Egas2122/mcb_bib.html">Print Bibliography of Modern Chinese Buddhism</a></tbody>
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