User talk:Greg

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Western Year 西歷

Sexagenary Cycle1干支

Buddhist Year2
佛歷

Era Names 年號

Political / Historical Events3

Buddhist / Religious Events

1850

gengxu庚戌

2394

Daoguang 道光

30
[Japan] Kaei 嘉永

3

Feb. 25 Daoguang Emperor dies


1851

xinhai辛亥

Feb.

1

2395

Xianfeng 咸豐

1
[Taiping] Yuannian 元年 1

[Japan] Kaei 4

Jan. 31 Daoguang era ends
Feb. 1 Xianfeng era

begins
Taiping Rebellion begins
Nian Rebellion begins

Taiping Yuannian era begins


1852

renzi任子

Feb.

20

2396

Xianfeng 2

[Taiping] Yuannian 2

[Japan] Kaei 5

April-May Tiaping forces lay siege to Guilin


1853

guichou癸丑

Feb.

8

2397

Xianfeng 3

[Taiping] Yuannian 3

[Japan] Kaei 6

Jan. 12 Taiping army occupies Wuchang
Mar. 20 Taiping army seizes Nanjing


1854

jiayin甲寅

Jan.

29

2398

Xianfeng 4

[Taiping] Yuannian 4
[Japan] Kaei 7
[Japan]

Ansei 安政 1

Chinese Maritime Customs Service established in Shanghai
Mar.

31 Treaty of Kanagawa signed between US and Japan
Nov.

27 Kaei era ends, Ansei era begins in Japan


1855

yimao乙卯

Feb.

17

2399

Xianfeng 5

[Taiping] Yuannian 5

[Japan] Ansei 2

Mar. 17 Taiping army invades Anhui


1856

bingchen丙辰

Feb.

6

2400

Xianfeng 6

[Taiping] Yuannian 6

[Japan] Ansei 3

Oct. 8 The "Arrow incident" which would lead

to the Second Opium War

Start of the Panthay Rebellion


1857

dingsi丁巳

Jan.

26

2401

Xianfeng 7

[Taiping] Yuannian 7

[Japan] Ansei 4

Mar. 3 The United Kingdom and France formally declare war on China


1858

wuwu戊午

Feb.

14

2402

Xianfeng 8

[Taiping] Yuannian 8

[Japan] Ansei 5

May 28 Treaty of Aigun signed
June Treaties of

Tianjin signed, temporarily ending Second Opium War
July 29

Harris Treaty signed between US and Japan


1859

jiwei己未

Feb.

3

2403

Xianfeng 9

[Taiping] Yuannian 9

[Japan] Ansei 6

June 25 Dagu fort repels British naval force at Tianjin


1860

gengshen庚申

Jan.

23

2404

Xianfeng 10

[Taiping] Yuannian 10
[Japan] Ansei 7
[Japan]

Man'en 万延 1

Mar. 18 Ansei era ends, Man'en era begins in Japan
Oct.

18 Convention of Peking signed, ending the Second Opium

War
Oct. Destruction of the Summer Palaces


1861

xinyou辛酉

Feb.

10

2405

Xianfeng 11

[Taiping] Yuannian 11
Japan] Man'en 2
[Japan]

Bunkyū 文久 1

Zongli Yamen (Foreign Office) established
Feb. 19 Man'en era ends, Bunkyū era begins in Japan


1862

renxu任戌

Jan.

30

2406

Tongzhi 同治

1
[Taiping] Yuannian 12

[Japan] Bunkyū 2

Tongwen Guan foreign language school established
Jan. 29

Xianfeng era ends
Jan. 30 Tongzhi era begins
First of

the "Dungan Revolts"


1863

guihai癸亥

Feb.

18

2407

Tongzhi 2

[Taiping] Yuannian 13

[Japan] Bunkyū 3


1864

jiazi甲子
Feb. 8

2408

Tongzhi 3

[Taiping] Yuannian 14
[Japan] Bunkyū 4

[Japan] Genji 元治 1

Most territories of the Taiping reclaimed by the Qing
Mar. 27 Bunkyū era ends, Genji era begins in Japan


1865

yichou乙丑

Jan.

27

2409

Tongzhi 4

[Taiping] Yuannian 15
[Japan] Genji 2
[Japan] Keiō 慶応

1

May 1 Genji era ends, Keiō era begins in Japan
June 25 James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission


1866

bingyin丙寅

Feb.

15

2410

Tongzhi 5

[Taiping] Yuannian 16

[Japan] Keiō 2


1867

dingmao丁卯

Feb.

5

2411

Tongzhi 6

[Taiping] Yuannian 17

[Japan] Keiō 3

Jan. 30 Death of Emperor Kōmei 孝明天皇
Feb. 3 Abdication of Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu


1868

wuchen戊辰

Jan.

25

2412

Tongzhi 7

[Taiping] Yuannian 18
[Japan] Keiō 4

[Japan] Meiji 明治 1

Taiping Yuannian era ends

End of the Nian Rebellion
Jan. 3 Meiji Emperor proclaims his restoration
Aug. 22-23 Yangzhou riots against foreign missionary presence in China
Oct.

23 Meiji era begins in Japan


1869

jisi己巳

Feb.

11

2413

Tongzhi 8
[Japan] Meiji 2


1870

gengwu庚午

Jan.

31

2414

Tongzhi 9
[Japan] Meiji 3


1871

xinwei辛未

Feb.

19

2415

Tongzhi 10
[Japan] Meiji 4


1872

renshen壬申

Feb.

9

2416

Tongzhi 11
[Japan] Meiji 5


1873

guiyou癸酉

Jan.

29

2417

Tongzhi 12
[Japan] Meiji 6

Panthay Rebellion ends


1874

jiaxu甲戌

Feb.

17

2418

Tongzhi 13
[Japan] Meiji 7


1875

yihai乙亥

Feb.

6

2419

Guangxu 光緒 1

[Japan]

Meiji 8

Jan. 12 Death of the Tongzhi emperor; Guangxu emperor

assumes the throne
Feb. 5 Tongzhi era ends
Feb. 6

Guangxu era begins


1876

bingzi丙子

Jan.

26

2420

Guangxu 2
[Japan] Meiji 9


1877

dingchou丁丑

Feb.

13

2421

Guangxu 3
[Japan] Meiji 10

Last of the "Dungan rebellions" is suppressed


1878

wuyin戊寅

Feb.

2

2422

Guangxu 4
[Japan] Meiji 11


1879

yimao己卯

Jan.

22

2423

Guangxu 5
[Japan] Meiji 12


1880

gengchen 庚辰

Feb.

10

2424

Guangxu 6
[Japan] Meiji 13


1881

xinsi辛巳

Jan.

30

2425

Guangxu 7
[Japan] Meiji 14


1882

renwu壬午

Feb.

18

2426

Guangxu 8
[Japan] Meiji 15

July Rioters attack Japanese legation in Seoul, Korea


1883

guiwei癸未

Feb.

8

2427

Guangxu 9
[Japan] Meiji 16

Fall Sino-French war begins in Vietnam


1884

jiashen甲申

Jan.

28

2428

Guangxu 10
[Japan] Meiji 17

August Battle of Fuzhou between France and China
Dec. 4 Capsin Coup briefly overthrows government of Korea


1885

yiyou乙酉

Feb.

15

2429

Guangxu 11
[Japan] Meiji 18

April 4 Peace protocol proclaimed in Sino-French

War
June 9 Li Hongzhang signs the treaty that ends the

Sino-French War


1886

bingxu丙戌

Feb.

4

2430

Guangxu 12
[Japan] Meiji 19


1887

dinghai丁亥

Jan.

24

2431

Guangxu 13
[Japan] Meiji 20

Japan annexes Iwo Jima


1888

wuzi戊子

Feb.

12

2432

Guangxu 14
[Japan] Meiji 21


1889

jichou己丑

Jan.

31

2433

Guangxu 15
[Japan] Meiji 22

Feb. 11 Meiji Constitution of Japan proclaimed


1890

gengyin庚寅

Jan.

21

2434

Guangxu 16
[Japan] Meiji 23


1891

xinmao辛卯

Feb.

9

2435

Guangxu 17
[Japan] Meiji 24


1892

renchen壬辰

Jan.

30

2436

Guangxu 18
[Japan] Meiji 25


1893

guisi癸巳

Feb.

17

2437

Guangxu 19
[Japan] Meiji 26


1894

jiawu甲午

Feb.

6

2438

Guangxu 20
[Japan] Meiji 27

Aug. 1 Start of First Sino-Japanese War
Nov. 21 Japan occupies Port Arthur


1895

yiwei乙未

Jan.

26

2439

Guangxu 21
[Japan] Meiji 28

Apr. 17 Treaty of Shimonoseki signed, ending the First

Sino-Japanese War
May 25 Qing officials in Taiwan proclaim Republic of Formosa
May 29 Japanese troops land in Jilong, Taiwan
Oct. 23 Formosa resistance ended in Taiwan
Oct. 26 Failed uprising in Guangzhou
Dec. 8

Yuan Shikai appointed general of nacent New Army


1896

bingshen丙申

Feb.

13

2440

Guangxu 22
[Japan] Meiji 29


1897

dingyou丁酉

Feb.

2

2441

Guangxu 23
[Japan] Meiji 30


1898

wuxu戊戌

Jan.

22

2442

Guangxu 24
[Japan] Meiji 31

Mar. 6 German Empire leases Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao) for

99 years
March Russia leases Guandong territory (Port Arthur)
May 27 France occupies Guangzhouwan in Guangzhou
Jun. 11 - Sept. 21 "Hundred Days Reform"
Sept. Emperess Dowager assumes regency of

the Qing


1899

jihai己亥

Feb.

10

2443

Guangxu 25
[Japan] Meiji 32


1900

gengzi庚子

Jan.

31

2444

Guangxu 26
[Japan] Meiji 33

Jan. 2 Open Door Policy for China announced in U.S.
June

Boxer forces attack foreign compounds in Beijing and Tianjin
Aug.

14 International troops invade Beijing


1901

xinchou辛丑

Feb.

19

2445

Guangxu 27
[Japan] Meiji 34

Sept. 7 Boxer Protocol signed


1902

renyin壬寅

Feb.

8

2446

Guangxu 28
[Japan] Meiji 35

June 25 New Army renamed Beiyang army, Yuan named Minister of Beiyang


1903

guimao癸卯

Jan.

29

2447

Guangxu 29
[Japan] Meiji 36


1904

jiachen甲辰

Feb.

16

2448

Guangxu 30
[Japan] Meiji 37

Feb. 8 Start of Russo-Japanaese War
Feb. 9 Battle of Port Arthur


1905

yisi乙巳

Feb.

4

2449

Guangxu 31
[Japan] Meiji 38

Feb. 19-Mar. 10 Battle of Mukden (Shenyang)
Aug.

10/20 Founding of Tongmenghui in Tokyo
Sept. 2 Examination system abolished
Sept. 5 Treaty of

Portsmouth ends Russo-Japanese War


1906

bingwu丙午

Jan.

25

2450

Guangxu 32
[Japan] Meiji 39


1907

dingwei丁未

Feb.

13

2451

Guangxu 33
[Japan] Meiji 40


1908

wushen戊申

Feb.

2

2452

Guangxu 34
[Japan] Meiji 41


1909

jiyou己酉

Jan.

22

2453

Xuantong 宣統

1

[Japan] Meiji 42

Jan. 21 Guangxu era ends
Jan. 22 Xuantong era begins


1910

gengxu庚戌

Feb.

10

2454

Xuantong 2
[Japan] Meiji 43


1911

xinhai辛亥

Jan.

30

2455

Xuantong 3
[Japan] Meiji 44

Oct. 10 Wuchang Uprising, Xinhai revolution begins


1912

renzi任子

Feb.

18

2456

Minguo 民國 1

[Japan] Meiji 45
[Japan] Taishō 大正

1

Jan. 1 Republic of China proclaimed, Minguo era

begins
Feb. 12 Emperor Puyi formally abdicates, Xuantong era ends
Mar. 10 Yuan Shikai takes office of President of the ROC
July 30 Meiji era ends, Taishō era begins in Japan
Aug. 25 Founding of the Republican Party

(Guomindang)


1913

guichou癸丑

Feb.

6

2457

Minguo 2
[Japan] Taishō 2

March 20 Song Jiaoren assassinated


1914

jiayin甲寅

Jan.

26

2458

Minguo 3
[Japan] Taishō 3

Aug. 23 ROC cancels German lease of Jiaozhou Bay
Nov. 7 Jiaozhou Bay occupied by Japan


1915

yimao乙卯

Feb.

14

2459

Minguo 4
[Japan] Taishō 4

Jan. 18 Japan's Twenty-One Demands delivered to the Chinese government


1916

bingchen丙辰

Feb.

3

2460

Minguo 5

[Chinese Empire] Hongxian 1
[Japan] Taishō

5

Jan. 1 Yuan Shikai proclaimed Emperor of the Empire of

China
Mar. 22 Yuan Shikai abandons status of Emperor
June 5/6 Yuan Shikai dies
Start of the

"Warlord Era"


1917

dingsi丁巳

Jan.

23

2461

Minguo 6
[Japan] Taishō 6

July 1 Qing Dynasty proclaimed restored by Zhang Xun
July 12 Qing restoration abandoned


1918

wuwu戊午

Feb.

11

2462

Minguo 7
[Japan] Taishō 7


1919

jiwei己未

Feb.

1

2463

Minguo 8
[Japan] Taishō 8

May 4 Student demonstrations of the "May Fourth

Movement"
Oct. 10 Sun Yat-sen establishes the

Chinese Republican Party in Shanghai


1920

gengshen庚申

Feb.

19

2464

Minguo 9
[Japan] Taishō 9


1921

xinyou辛酉

Feb.

8

2465

Minguo 10
[Japan] Taishō 10

Founding of the Chinese Communist Party


1922

renxu任戌

Jan.

28

2466

Minguo 11
[Japan] Taishō 11

Dec. 10 China regains soverignty of Jiaozhou Bay


1923

guihai癸亥

Feb.

16

2467

Minguo 12
[Japan] Taishō 12


1924

jiazi甲子
Feb. 5

2468

Minguo 13
[Japan] Taishō 13


1925

yichou乙丑

Jan.

24

2469

Minguo 14
[Japan] Taishō 14

March 12 Sun Yat-sen dies
May 30 Labour movement in Shanghai


1926

bingyin丙寅

Feb.

12

2470

Minguo 15

[Japan] Taisho 15
[Japan] Shōwa 昭和

1

Dec. 25 Taisho emperor dies, Taisho era ends, Shōwa era begins in Japan


1927

dingmao丁卯

Feb.

2

2471

Minguo 16
[Japan] Shōwa 2


1928

wuchen戊辰

Jan.

22

2472

Minguo 17
[Japan] Shōwa 3

June 4 Assassination of Zhang Zuolin by Japanese

Kantojun forces outside of Shenyang
Dec. 29 Zhang Xueliang in Manchuria accepts Nationalist rule
Dec. 31 Zhang appointed as commander of Northeast Army, formal

reunification of China


1929

jisi己巳

Feb.

9

2473

Minguo 18
[Japan] Shōwa 4

Jan. 1 Gregorian calendar officially adopted by the Republic of China


1930

gengwu庚午

Jan.

29

2474

Minguo 19
[Japan] Shōwa 5


1931

xinwei辛未

Feb.

17

2475

Minguo 20
[Japan] Shōwa 6

Nov. 7 Provisional Soviet republic established in Jiangxi


1932

renshen壬申

Feb.

6

2476

Minguo 21

[Manchukuo] Datong 大同1
[Japan] Shōwa

7

Feb. 18 Manchukuo established, Datong era begins


1933

guiyou癸酉

Jan.

25

2477

Minguo 22

[Manchukuo] Datong 2

[Japan] Shōwa 8


1934

jiaxu甲戌

Feb.

14

2478

Minguo 23

[Manchukuo] Kangde 康德1
[Japan] Shōwa

9

Manchukuo Datong era ends

Puyi proclaimed Kangde Emperor
Manchukuo Kangde era begins
Nov. 5

Jiangxi Soviet dissolves


1935

yihai乙亥

Feb.

3

2479

Minguo 24

[Manchukuo] Kangde 2

[Japan] Shōwa 10


1936

bingzi丙子

Jan.

24

2480

Minguo 25

[Manchukuo] Kangde 3

[Japan] Shōwa 11


1937

dingchou丁丑

Feb.

11

2481

Minguo 26

[Manchukuo] Kangde 4

[Japan] Shōwa 12

Marco Polo Bridge incident, start of Second Sino-Japanese

War

Republican government moved from Nanjing


1938

wuyin戊寅

Jan.

31

2482

Minguo 27

[Manchukuo] Kangde 5

[Japan] Shōwa 13


1939

yimao己卯

Feb.

19

2483

Minguo 28

[Manchukuo] Kangde 6

[Japan] Shōwa 14


1940

gengchen 庚辰

Feb.

8

2484

Minguo 29

[Manchukuo] Kangde 7

[Japan] Shōwa 15


1941

xinsi辛巳

Jan.

27

2485

Minguo 30

[Manchukuo] Kangde 8

[Japan] Shōwa 16

Dec. 7 Pearl Harbour attacked by Japan


1942

renwu壬午

Feb.

15

2486

Minguo 31

[Manchukuo] Kangde 9

[Japan] Shōwa 17


1943

guiwei癸未

Feb.

4

2487

Minguo 32

[Manchukuo] Kangde 10
[Japan] Shōwa

18


1944

jiashen甲申

Jan.

25

2488

Minguo 33

[Manchukuo] Kangde 11
[Japan] Shōwa

19


1945

yiyou乙酉

Feb.

12

2489

Minguo 34
[Japan] Shōwa 20

August Manchukuo invaded by Soviet Union
Sept. 2 Japan formally surrenders to the Allies


1946

bingxu丙戌

Feb.

2

2490

Minguo 35
[Japan] Shōwa 21


1947

dinghai丁亥

Jan.

22

2491

Minguo 36
[Japan] Shōwa 22


1948

wuzi戊子

Feb.

10

2492

Minguo 37
[Japan] Shōwa 23


1949

jichou己丑

Jan.

29

2493

Minguo 38
[Japan] Shōwa 24

Oct. 1 Establishment of People's Republic of China


1950

gengyin庚寅

Feb.

16

2494

Minguo 39
[Japan] Shōwa 25


</tbody>


Notes

1) Refers to the Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch pair for the year of the Chinese calendar beginning early in this Western calendar year and ending early in the next one. For example, the xinhai辛亥 year of 1911 actually runs from Jan. 30 1911 to Feb. 17 1912. If a Western date appears below the pair, then this is the starting date of the lunar year.

2) The modern Buddhist calendar uses 543 BCE as the date of the Buddha's birth and counts from that year, but previously 1027 BCE was one of the most widely accepted dates in Chinese historiography for this event. See an account of this system in the ealy 20th century in Joseph Edkins, Chinese Buddhism, p. 12. Some sources use the older date to calculate the Buddhist year, so subtract 483 to convert into the current standard Buddhist year. Interestingly 1027 BCE was also one of the propopsed dates for the founding of the Zhou dynasty.

[Buddhist years begin on 4/8 of the Chinese calendar, the traditional date for the Buddha's date of birth.] ed. to be confirmed

3) Dates are approximate - many sources conflate the Western date with the Chinese month and day, so that for example "the second day of the fifth month" in the Chinese calendar becomes recorded as "May 2nd". Wherever possible the proper date for the Western calendar has been used. 

Some dates based on <a href="http://www.sinica.edu.tw/%7Etdbproj/sinocal/luso.html">兩千年中西歷轉換</a>

<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Egas2122/oicb.html">Online Index of Chinese Buddhism</a>

<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Egas2122/mcb_bib.html">Print Bibliography of Modern Chinese Buddhism</a>

</tbody>
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