Yuanying 圓瑛

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(Created page with '== Yuan2ying1 圓瑛 (1878-1953) == * Born June 20, 1878 (5/20 Guāngxù 光緒 4) in Gu3tian2 County 古田縣, Fu2jian4 福建 * Died at 11p.m. on September 19, 1953...')
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== Yuan2ying1 圓瑛 (1878-1953) ==
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== Yuányīng 圓瑛 (1878-1953) ==
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A towering figure of Republican Buddhism, and a critic of Tàixū's more radical suggestions for reform. He was president of the Chinese Buddhist Association from 1928 to 1937. He was the abbot of a number of important temples in the Jiāngnán 江南 region.
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* Born June 20, [[1878]] (5/20 Guāngxù 光緒 4) in Gǔtián County 古田縣, Fújiàn 福建
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* Born June 20, [[1878]] (5/20 Guāngxù 光緒 4) in Gu3tian2 County 古田縣, Fu2jian4 福建
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* Died at 11p.m. on September 19, [[1953]] (Mínguó 民國 42) at Tiāntóng Temple [[天童寺]], Níngbō 寧波
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* Died at 11p.m. on September 19, [[1953]] (Mínguó 民國 42) at Tian1tong2 Temple [[天童寺]], Ning2bo1 寧波
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* Lay Surname 姓:
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* Lay Surname 姓: Wu2
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* Name 名: Hēngchūn 亨春
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* Name 名: Heng1chun1 亨春
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* Style names 號: Tāoguāng 韜光
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* Style names 號: Tao1guang1 韜光
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* Courtesy names 字: Yuányīng 圓瑛
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* Courtesy names 字: Yuan2ying1 圓瑛
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* Dharma names 法名: Hóngwù 宏悟
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* Dharma names 法名: Hong2wu4 宏悟
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'''Biography'''
'''Biography'''
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Both his parents died when he was five. At the age of six he began education at a classical academy. He earned his Xiu1cai2 秀才 Degree at 16. At 18 he became seriously ill and vowed that if he were to recover, he would ordain as a monk. The following year he recovered and he took tonsured under Zeng1xi1 shang4ren2 增西上人 at Mei2feng1 Temple 梅峰寺. He ordained under Miao4lian2 [[妙蓮]] at Yong3quan2 Temple 湧泉寺 in May of [[1897]] (4 Guang1xu4 光緒 23).
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Both his parents died when he was five. At the age of six he began education at a classical academy. He earned his Xiūcái 秀才 Degree at 16. At 8 he became seriously ill and vowed that if he were to recover, he would ordain as a monk. The following year he recovered and he took tonsured under Zēngxī shàngrén 增西上人 at Méifēng Temple 梅峰寺. He ordained under Miàolián [[妙蓮]] at Yǒngquán Temple 湧泉寺 in May of [[1897]] (4 Guāngxù 光緒 23).
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He studied asceticism and ritual under Da2ben3 達本, abbot of Chong2sheng4 Temple 崇聖寺 on Great Snowy Peak 大雪峰. He traveled, and studied Chan2 with Zhi4kai1 [[治開]], abbot of Chang2zhou1's 常州 Tian1ning2 Temple [[天寧寺]]. He stayed until April, [[1903]] (3 Guang1xu4 光緒 29), at which point he went to Tian1tong2 Temple 天童寺 in Ning2bo1 寧波. There he studided with Ji4chan2 [[寄禪]].
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He studied asceticism and ritual under Dáběn 達本, abbot of Chóngshèng Temple [[崇聖寺]] on Great Snowy Peak 大雪峰. He traveled, and studied Chán with Zhìkāi [[治開]], abbot of Chángzhōu's 常州 Tiānníng Temple [[天寧寺]]. He stayed until April, [[1903]] (3 Guāngxù 光緒 29), at which point he went to Tiāntóng Temple 天童寺 in Níngbō 寧波. There he studided with Jìchán [[寄禪]].
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In July or August of [[1906]] (6 Guang1xu4 光緒 32) he received dharma transmission from Ci4yun4 慈運 of Nin2bo1's Qi1ta3 Bao4en1 Temple 七塔[[報恩寺]], making him a 40th generation holder of the Lin2ji4 臨濟 lineage.
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In July or August of [[1906]] (6 Guāngxù 光緒 32) he received dharma transmission from Cìyùn 慈運 of Nínbō's Qītǎ Bàoēn Temple 七塔[[報恩寺]], making him a 40th generation holder of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage.
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That same year, Yuan2ying1 met Tai4xu1 [[太虛]], who had come to Tain1tong2 Temple to receive the precepts.  
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That same year, Yuányīng met Tàixū [[太虛]], who had come to Tāintóng Temple to receive the precepts.  
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In [[1912]], Yuan2ying1 accompanied Ji4chan2 to Shang4hai3, where he joined the latter as part of the newly-formed Chinese General Buddhist Association [[中國佛教總會]].
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In [[1912]], Yuányīng accompanied Jìchán to Shànghǎi, where he joined the latter as part of the newly-formed Chinese General Buddhist Association [[中國佛教總會]].
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In November, [[1914]], Yuányīng traveled to South and Southeast Asia, visiting Buddhist communities in Sri Lanka, India, Burma, Malaysia, and Singapore.
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He became abbot of Quánzhōu's 泉州 Kāiyuán Temple 開元寺 in March, [[1924]], and abbot of Chóngshèng Temple October, 1928. He became abbot of Bàoēn Temple in [[1929]], and abbot of Tāintóng Temple in February, [[1930]].
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In [[98]], Yuányīng was elected chairman of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]], a position he held (with only brief interruption in [[1931]]) until the Association ceased to function with the Second Sino-Japanese War. During the War, he helped organize a monastic defense force, composed of members of the Young Men's Buddhist Associations [[佛教青年會]] of the Jiāngnán region.
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In [[1938]], he once again traveled to Southeast Asia, returning to Shànghǎi in August. During the War, he lived at the Yuánmíng Lecture Hall 圓明講堂. During this period he began teaching and writing almsot exclusively on the ''Śūraṃgama Sūtra'' 楞嚴經.
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'''Important Works'''
'''Important Works'''
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Much of his work is available on-line, see 圓瑛大師網路專輯<ref>http://www.bfnn.org/yuanyind/gb/article.htm</ref>
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Yuányīng's oeuvre is extensive. Much of his work is available on-line, see 圓瑛大師網路專輯<ref>http://www.bfnn.org/yuanyind/gb/article.htm</ref>
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'''Notes'''
'''Notes'''
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Yú Língbō 于凌波, ed. ''Xiàndài fójiào rénwù cídiǎn'' 現代佛教人物辭典 (A Dictionary of Modern Buddhist Persons), 2 vols. (Taipei: Foguang, 2004), 1:1267b-1271a.
 
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<references/>
<references/>
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'''References:'''
'''References:'''
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Yú Língbō 于凌波, ed. ''Xiàndài fójiào rénwù cídiǎn'' 現代佛教人物辭典 (A Dictionary of Modern Buddhist Persons), 2 vols. (Taipei: Foguang, 2004), 1:1267b-7a.
[[Category:Biography]]
[[Category:Biography]]

Revision as of 10:06, 22 May 2009

Yuányīng 圓瑛 (1878-1953)

A towering figure of Republican Buddhism, and a critic of Tàixū's more radical suggestions for reform. He was president of the Chinese Buddhist Association from 1928 to 1937. He was the abbot of a number of important temples in the Jiāngnán 江南 region.

  • Born June 20, 1878 (5/20 Guāngxù 光緒 4) in Gǔtián County 古田縣, Fújiàn 福建
  • Died at 11p.m. on September 19, 1953 (Mínguó 民國 42) at Tiāntóng Temple 天童寺, Níngbō 寧波
  • Lay Surname 姓: Wú 吳
  • Name 名: Hēngchūn 亨春
  • Style names 號: Tāoguāng 韜光
  • Courtesy names 字: Yuányīng 圓瑛
  • Dharma names 法名: Hóngwù 宏悟


Biography

Both his parents died when he was five. At the age of six he began education at a classical academy. He earned his Xiūcái 秀才 Degree at 16. At 8 he became seriously ill and vowed that if he were to recover, he would ordain as a monk. The following year he recovered and he took tonsured under Zēngxī shàngrén 增西上人 at Méifēng Temple 梅峰寺. He ordained under Miàolián 妙蓮 at Yǒngquán Temple 湧泉寺 in May of 1897 (4 Guāngxù 光緒 23).

He studied asceticism and ritual under Dáběn 達本, abbot of Chóngshèng Temple 崇聖寺 on Great Snowy Peak 大雪峰. He traveled, and studied Chán with Zhìkāi 治開, abbot of Chángzhōu's 常州 Tiānníng Temple 天寧寺. He stayed until April, 1903 (3 Guāngxù 光緒 29), at which point he went to Tiāntóng Temple 天童寺 in Níngbō 寧波. There he studided with Jìchán 寄禪.

In July or August of 1906 (6 Guāngxù 光緒 32) he received dharma transmission from Cìyùn 慈運 of Nínbō's Qītǎ Bàoēn Temple 七塔報恩寺, making him a 40th generation holder of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage.

That same year, Yuányīng met Tàixū 太虛, who had come to Tāintóng Temple to receive the precepts.

In 1912, Yuányīng accompanied Jìchán to Shànghǎi, where he joined the latter as part of the newly-formed Chinese General Buddhist Association 中國佛教總會.

In November, 1914, Yuányīng traveled to South and Southeast Asia, visiting Buddhist communities in Sri Lanka, India, Burma, Malaysia, and Singapore.

He became abbot of Quánzhōu's 泉州 Kāiyuán Temple 開元寺 in March, 1924, and abbot of Chóngshèng Temple October, 1928. He became abbot of Bàoēn Temple in 1929, and abbot of Tāintóng Temple in February, 1930.

In 98, Yuányīng was elected chairman of the Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛教會, a position he held (with only brief interruption in 1931) until the Association ceased to function with the Second Sino-Japanese War. During the War, he helped organize a monastic defense force, composed of members of the Young Men's Buddhist Associations 佛教青年會 of the Jiāngnán region.

In 1938, he once again traveled to Southeast Asia, returning to Shànghǎi in August. During the War, he lived at the Yuánmíng Lecture Hall 圓明講堂. During this period he began teaching and writing almsot exclusively on the Śūraṃgama Sūtra 楞嚴經.



Important Works

Yuányīng's oeuvre is extensive. Much of his work is available on-line, see 圓瑛大師網路專輯[1]


Notes

  1. http://www.bfnn.org/yuanyind/gb/article.htm



References:

Yú Língbō 于凌波, ed. Xiàndài fójiào rénwù cídiǎn 現代佛教人物辭典 (A Dictionary of Modern Buddhist Persons), 2 vols. (Taipei: Foguang, 2004), 1:1267b-7a.

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