Tang Dayuan 唐大圓

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He lived in Wuchang for a long time (一向).  In 1922, he accepted the invitation of Wú Bìhuá 吳璧華 to come to Wēnzhōu 溫州 to lecture and propagate the dharma. That same year, he met Tàixū [[太虛]], who hired him in April to head the Hankou Right Faith Society's [[正信會]] Buddhist Studies Institute [[佛教講習所]], which was just getting started. When the Institute's first group of students graduated in August, its name was changed to the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]. When the Seminary opened in September, Tàixū initially took on the duties of teaching Consciousness-Only, eventually  Táng took over.
He lived in Wuchang for a long time (一向).  In 1922, he accepted the invitation of Wú Bìhuá 吳璧華 to come to Wēnzhōu 溫州 to lecture and propagate the dharma. That same year, he met Tàixū [[太虛]], who hired him in April to head the Hankou Right Faith Society's [[正信會]] Buddhist Studies Institute [[佛教講習所]], which was just getting started. When the Institute's first group of students graduated in August, its name was changed to the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]. When the Seminary opened in September, Tàixū initially took on the duties of teaching Consciousness-Only, eventually  Táng took over.
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In 1924, Táng replaced his colleague Shǐ Yìrú [[史一如]] editing the ''Hǎicháo yīn''. This same year Táng, Tàixū, and students of the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary became embroiled in a debate over the authenticity of ''the Mahāyāna Awakening of Faith'' [[大乘起信論真偽辯]]. Their principle opponents in this debate were Oūyáng Jìngwú [[歐陽竟無]] and his students at the Zhīnà nèixué yuàn [[支那內學院]] in Nanjing.  
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In 1924, Táng replaced his colleague Shǐ Yìrú [[史一如]] editing the ''Hǎicháo yīn''. This same year Táng, Tàixū, and students of the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary became embroiled in a debate over the authenticity of ''the Mahāyāna Awakening of Faith'' [[大乘起信論真偽辯]]. Their principle opponents in this debate were Ōuyáng Jìngwú [[歐陽竟無]] and his students at the Zhīnà nèixué yuàn [[支那內學院]] in Nanjing.  
Táng was invited to Shanghai in 1925 to lecture on Consciousness-Only thought and edit the eponymous periodical of the Shanghai Lay Buddhist Association [[上海佛教居士林]].  The Association also published several of Táng's works on Consciousness-Only, which were written for the nonspecialist.  and two others on Weishi (not clear about dates). These were deep, but not overly complex, and the average person could understand them.   
Táng was invited to Shanghai in 1925 to lecture on Consciousness-Only thought and edit the eponymous periodical of the Shanghai Lay Buddhist Association [[上海佛教居士林]].  The Association also published several of Táng's works on Consciousness-Only, which were written for the nonspecialist.  and two others on Weishi (not clear about dates). These were deep, but not overly complex, and the average person could understand them.   

Revision as of 08:29, 20 May 2009

Táng Dàyuán 唐大圓 (d.1941)

Táng was a colleague of Tàixū, a noted lay teacher of monks, and scholar of Consciousness-Only 唯識 thought.


Biography

From Wǔgāng 武崗 in Hunan. He took refuge under Yìnguāng 印光 in 1912. In his early years as a Buddhist, he practiced Pure Land, but after reading the first issues of Hǎicháo yīn 海潮音 he began to take a strong interest in Consciousness-Only 唯識 thought.

He lived in Wuchang for a long time (一向). In 1922, he accepted the invitation of Wú Bìhuá 吳璧華 to come to Wēnzhōu 溫州 to lecture and propagate the dharma. That same year, he met Tàixū 太虛, who hired him in April to head the Hankou Right Faith Society's 正信會 Buddhist Studies Institute 佛教講習所, which was just getting started. When the Institute's first group of students graduated in August, its name was changed to the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院. When the Seminary opened in September, Tàixū initially took on the duties of teaching Consciousness-Only, eventually Táng took over.

In 1924, Táng replaced his colleague Shǐ Yìrú 史一如 editing the Hǎicháo yīn. This same year Táng, Tàixū, and students of the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary became embroiled in a debate over the authenticity of the Mahāyāna Awakening of Faith 大乘起信論真偽辯. Their principle opponents in this debate were Ōuyáng Jìngwú 歐陽竟無 and his students at the Zhīnà nèixué yuàn 支那內學院 in Nanjing.

Táng was invited to Shanghai in 1925 to lecture on Consciousness-Only thought and edit the eponymous periodical of the Shanghai Lay Buddhist Association 上海佛教居士林. The Association also published several of Táng's works on Consciousness-Only, which were written for the nonspecialist. and two others on Weishi (not clear about dates). These were deep, but not overly complex, and the average person could understand them.

With the arrival of the Northern Expedition and the Nationalist government in Wuchang, the Buddhist seminary was forced to shut down. Táng started the magazine Dōngfāng wénhuà 東方文化, for which he was also the principle contributor. He also taught at Nanjing’s Southwestern University 東南大學 along with Jiǎng Wéiqiáo 蔣維喬. He briefly went to Beijing with Tàixū on a lecture tour in 1927, but he came back on August 19, 1927. Around that time he opened a library that fall in Changsha, Hunan, with a lecture series on Consciousness-Only.

In July, 1928, Tàixū organized a monks training group as part of the Chinese Buddhist Association 中國佛學會, which was headed by Táng and the monk Huánxíng 遠行. In 1929, acting on a letter sent by Tàixū who was abroad, they created at Wuchang the World Buddhist Studies Center 世界佛學苑 on April 14th. Fǎfǎng 法舫 took over running the Center in 1932. In 9, Táng started the Eastern Culture Research Bureau 東方文化研究苑 in Wuchang, and got Tàixū to lecture there.

Táng remained in Wuhan during the war, dying of illness on February 1, 1941.



Major Works:

Fóxué yǎnjiǎng jí 佛學演講集 (Lectures on Buddhism)

Wéishì de kēxué fāngfǎ 唯識的科學方法 (The Scientific Method of Consciousness-Only)

Wéishì fāngbiàn tán 唯識方便談 (Basic Talks on Consciousness-Only)

Wéishì sānzì jīng 唯識三字經 (The Consciousness-Only Three Character Classic)

Wéishì yánjiù shùyào 唯識研究述要 (Essential Points on Consciousness-Only Research)



References:

Shì Dōngchū 釋東初. Zhōngguó fójiào jìndàii shǐ 中國佛教近代史 (A History of Early Contemporary Chinese Buddhism), in Dōngchū lǎorén quánjí 東初老人全集 (Complete Collection of Old Man Dongchu), vols. 1-2. (Taibei: Dongchu, 1974), 2:682-687.

Yú Língbō 于凌波. Zhōngguó jìndài fómén rénwùzhì 佛門人物志 (Biographical Almanac of Early Contemporary and Modern Chinese Buddhism), vol. 5. (Taipei: Huiju, 1999), 254-269.

Yú Língbō 于凌波, ed. Xiàndài fójiào rénwù cídiǎn 現代佛教人物辭典 (A Dictionary of Modern Buddhist Persons), 2 vols. (Taipei: Foguang, 2004), 1:809a-811c.

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