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== Buddhist Seminaries: Fóxué yuàn 佛學院 == | == Buddhist Seminaries: Fóxué yuàn 佛學院 == | ||
| - | According to [[Welch]], the term "Fóxué yuàn" was invented (or at least pioneered) by Tàixū [[太虛]] with the naming of the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]], which opened in [[1922]]. Welch states, "Many of the innovations he (Tàixū) made there proved popular, and by [[1945]] almost all seminaries in China had become 'institutes for Buddhist studies'<ref>This is Welch's translation | + | According to [[Welch]], the term "Fóxué yuàn" was invented (or at least pioneered) by Tàixū [[太虛]] with the naming of the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]], which opened in [[1922]]. Welch states, "Many of the innovations he (Tàixū) made there proved popular, and by [[1945]] almost all seminaries in China had become 'institutes for Buddhist studies'<ref>This is Welch's literal translation of "Fóxué yuàn".</ref> in name, if not in substance. To varying degrees they adopted what Tàixū had adopted from lay schools and abroad."<ref>Welch, 107</ref> |
| - | In addition to those schools identified as "Fóxué yuàn", there were a large number of Buddhist schools founded in China during the first half of the 20th century that catered to monastic and mixed lay/monastic student bodies. Welch lists 72 such seminaries in operation between [[1912]] and 1950.<ref>Welch, 285-287</ref> He estimates, very tentatively, that somewhere on the order of 7,500 Buddhist seminarians graduated in China during those years. Although this estimation is based on incomplete data, it demonstrates that thousands of monks and nuns received their education at Buddhist Seminaries. | + | In addition to those schools explicitly identified as "Fóxué yuàn", there were a large number of Buddhist schools founded in China during the first half of the 20th century that catered to monastic and mixed lay/monastic student bodies. Welch lists 72 such seminaries in operation between [[1912]] and 1950.<ref>Welch, 285-287</ref> He estimates, very tentatively, that somewhere on the order of 7,500 Buddhist seminarians graduated in China during those years. Although this estimation is based on incomplete data, it demonstrates that thousands of monks and nuns received their education at Buddhist Seminaries. |
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'''(Incomplete) List of Buddhist Seminaries associated with Tàixū''' | '''(Incomplete) List of Buddhist Seminaries associated with Tàixū''' | ||
| - | * [[武昌佛學院]] 1922 - intermittent, ended in 1934, briefly moved to Shanghai in 1937 (70)<ref>The numbers in parentheses are Welch's very rough estimate of typical enrollment</ref> | + | * [[武昌佛學院]] [[1922]] - intermittent, ended in [[1934]], briefly moved to Shanghai in [[1937]] (70)<ref>The numbers in parentheses are Welch's very rough estimate of typical enrollment</ref> |
| - | * [[藏文學院]] 1924 - 1925 (50)<ref>The enrollment here is from Welch (p. 198-199), but he is incorrect regarding the dates. He says it ran for two years, but all other sources agree it closed in 1925.</ref> | + | * [[藏文學院]] [[1924]] - [[1925]] (50)<ref>The enrollment here is from Welch (p. 198-199), but he is incorrect regarding the dates. He says it ran for two years, but all other sources agree it closed in 1925.</ref> |
| - | * [[閩南佛學院]] 1925 - 1939 (80) | + | * [[閩南佛學院]] [[1925]] - [[1939]] (80) |
| - | * [[柏林教理院]] 1930 - 1931 | + | * [[柏林教理院]] [[1930]] - [[1931]] |
| - | * [[漢藏教理院]] 1931 - 1949 (60-100) | + | * [[漢藏教理院]] [[1931]] - [[1949]] (60-100) |
| - | * [[武林佛學院]] 1946 - 1948 (30) | + | * [[武林佛學院]] [[1946]] - [[1948]] (30) |
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'''Other Important Seminaries''' | '''Other Important Seminaries''' | ||
| - | * [[祇洹精舍]] 1908 - 1910 (12 monks and 12 laymen)<ref>Welch, 9.</ref> | + | * [[祇洹精舍]] [[1908]] - [[1910]] (12 monks and 12 laymen)<ref>Welch, 9.</ref> |
| - | * [[華嚴大學]] 1912 - 1916 (60 total graduates) | + | * [[華嚴大學]] [[1912]] - [[1916]] (60 total graduates) |
| - | * [[觀宗研究社]] (later [[弘法學院]]) 1918-1939 (200) | + | * [[觀宗研究社]] (later [[弘法學院]]) [[1918]] - [[1939]] (200) |
| - | * [[法界學院]] 1919 - 1934 (40) | + | * [[法界學院]] [[1919]] - [[1934]] (40) |
| - | * [[安徽僧學校]] 1922 - 1924 (20)<ref>Welch refers to this as the 安徽佛學校 or 迎江佛學院. Welch, 285.</ref> | + | * [[安徽僧學校]] [[1922]] - [[1924]] (20)<ref>Welch refers to this as the 安徽佛學校 or 迎江佛學院. Welch, 285.</ref> |
| - | * [[景賢學佛社]] 1924 - 1927, when this became the [[閩南佛學院]] | + | * [[景賢學佛社]] [[1924]] - [[1927]], when this became the [[閩南佛學院]] |
| - | * [[弘慈佛學院]] 1924 - 1934<ref>Welch, 286.</ref> | + | * [[弘慈佛學院]] [[1924]] - [[1934]]<ref>Welch, 286.</ref> |
| - | * [[竹林佛學院]] 1931 - until at least 1935 | + | * [[竹林佛學院]] [[1931]] - until at least [[1935]] |
| - | * [[焦山佛學院]] 1934 - 1937, 1940 - 1948 (~300 total students) | + | * [[焦山佛學院]] [[1934]] - [[1937]], [[1940]] - [[1948]] (~300 total students) |
* [[中國佛學院]] 1956 - 1966; ?? - present | * [[中國佛學院]] 1956 - 1966; ?? - present | ||
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Pittman, Donald. ''Toward a Modern Chinese Buddhism: Taixu’s Reforms.'' (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2001), 99. | Pittman, Donald. ''Toward a Modern Chinese Buddhism: Taixu’s Reforms.'' (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2001), 99. | ||
| - | Shì Dōngchū [[釋東初]]. ''Zhōngguó | + | Shì Dōngchū [[釋東初]]. ''Zhōngguó Fójiào jìndàii shǐ'' 中國佛教近代史 (A History of Early Contemporary Chinese Buddhism), in Dōngchū lǎorén quánjí 東初老人全集 (Complete Collection of Old Man Dongchu), vols. 1-2. Taibei: Dongchu, 1974. Pp. 2:896. |
[[Welch]], Holmes. ''The Buddhist Revival in China''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968. | [[Welch]], Holmes. ''The Buddhist Revival in China''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968. | ||
[[Category:Institution]] | [[Category:Institution]] | ||
According to Welch, the term "Fóxué yuàn" was invented (or at least pioneered) by Tàixū 太虛 with the naming of the Wuchang Buddhist Seminary 武昌佛學院, which opened in 1922. Welch states, "Many of the innovations he (Tàixū) made there proved popular, and by 1945 almost all seminaries in China had become 'institutes for Buddhist studies'[1] in name, if not in substance. To varying degrees they adopted what Tàixū had adopted from lay schools and abroad."[2]
In addition to those schools explicitly identified as "Fóxué yuàn", there were a large number of Buddhist schools founded in China during the first half of the 20th century that catered to monastic and mixed lay/monastic student bodies. Welch lists 72 such seminaries in operation between 1912 and 1950.[3] He estimates, very tentatively, that somewhere on the order of 7,500 Buddhist seminarians graduated in China during those years. Although this estimation is based on incomplete data, it demonstrates that thousands of monks and nuns received their education at Buddhist Seminaries.
(Incomplete) List of Buddhist Seminaries associated with Tàixū
Other Important Seminaries
Notes
References:
Pittman, Donald. Toward a Modern Chinese Buddhism: Taixu’s Reforms. (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2001), 99.
Shì Dōngchū 釋東初. Zhōngguó Fójiào jìndàii shǐ 中國佛教近代史 (A History of Early Contemporary Chinese Buddhism), in Dōngchū lǎorén quánjí 東初老人全集 (Complete Collection of Old Man Dongchu), vols. 1-2. Taibei: Dongchu, 1974. Pp. 2:896.
Welch, Holmes. The Buddhist Revival in China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.