Zhang Taiyan 章太炎 - Revision history

Greg: /* References */ typo

Greg — Mon, 12 Mar 2012 15:26:40 GMT

References: typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 12 March 2012
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	==References==		==References==
	* Chan, Sin-wai. ''Buddhism in Late Ch’ing Political Thought.'' Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1985. Pp. 43-46.		* Chan, Sin-wai. ''Buddhism in Late Ch’ing Political Thought.'' Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1985. Pp. 43-46.
-	* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, ~~1897~~. Pp. 104-145.	+	* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. Pp. 104-145.
	* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.		* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.
	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.555-559.		* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.555-559.

Erik hammerstrom: moved 章太炎 to Zhang Taiyan 章太炎: To match the new protocol

Erik hammerstrom — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 14:07:51 GMT

moved 章太炎 to Zhang Taiyan 章太炎: To match the new protocol

← Older revision

Revision as of 14:07, 31 March 2010

Erik hammerstrom at 14:07, 31 March 2010

Erik hammerstrom — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 14:07:39 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:07, 31 March 2010
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	}}		}}

-	== Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936) ==	+	'''Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936)''' was one of the most important Chinese thinkers of the 20th century. A prominent philologist, scholar, and reformer of the late Qing period, from the first decade of the 20th century he turned increasingly to Buddhism, becoming one of its major scholars in the Republican period.

-	Zhāng Tàiyán was one of the most important Chinese thinkers of the 20th century. A prominent philologist, scholar, and reformer of the late Qing period, from the first decade of the 20th century he turned increasingly to Buddhism, becoming one of its major scholars in the Republican period.	+	==Biography==
-		+
-	~~'''~~Biography~~'''~~	+

	Zhāng was the scion of a wealthy literati family from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]] and growing up he received a classical education. At age 23 he completed his studies under one of the most respected scholars in China,<ref>Keenan, Barry C. ''Imperial China’s Last Academies: Social Change in the Lower Yangzi, 1864-1991.'' Center for China Studies, China Research Monograph, no. 42. Berkeley: University of California, 1994. Pp. 36-37, 50.</ref> Sūzhōu's Yú Yuè 俞樾 (Courtesy name 字: Qǔyuán 曲園, 1821-1907). In his studies and later scholarly work, Zhāng focused on historical phonology and lexicography.		Zhāng was the scion of a wealthy literati family from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]] and growing up he received a classical education. At age 23 he completed his studies under one of the most respected scholars in China,<ref>Keenan, Barry C. ''Imperial China’s Last Academies: Social Change in the Lower Yangzi, 1864-1991.'' Center for China Studies, China Research Monograph, no. 42. Berkeley: University of California, 1994. Pp. 36-37, 50.</ref> Sūzhōu's Yú Yuè 俞樾 (Courtesy name 字: Qǔyuán 曲園, 1821-1907). In his studies and later scholarly work, Zhāng focused on historical phonology and lexicography.
Line 40:		Line 38:
	He died of illness on June 14, [[1936]] in Sūzhōu		He died of illness on June 14, [[1936]] in Sūzhōu

-	~~----~~	+	==Important Works==
-	~~'''~~Important Works~~'''~~	+
	* 章氏叢書		* 章氏叢書
	* 章氏叢書續編		* 章氏叢書續編
Line 47:		Line 44:
	* 章太炎全集		* 章太炎全集

-	~~----~~	+	==Notable Students==
-	~~'''~~Notable Students~~'''~~	+
	* Huáng Kǎn 黃侃 (Jìgāng 季剛)		* Huáng Kǎn 黃侃 (Jìgāng 季剛)
	* Qián Xuántóng 錢玄同		* Qián Xuántóng 錢玄同

-	~~----~~	+	==Notes==
-	~~'''~~Notes~~'''~~	+

	<references/>		<references/>

-	~~----~~	+	==References==
-	~~'''~~References~~:'''~~	+
	* Chan, Sin-wai. ''Buddhism in Late Ch’ing Political Thought.'' Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1985. Pp. 43-46.		* Chan, Sin-wai. ''Buddhism in Late Ch’ing Political Thought.'' Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1985. Pp. 43-46.
	* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1897. Pp. 104-145.		* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1897. Pp. 104-145.
	* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.		* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.
-	* * {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.555-559.	+	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.555-559.
	* Táng Zhìjūn 湯志鈞. ''Zhāng Tàiyán zhuàn'' 章太炎傳 (Biography of Zhāng Tàiyán). Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 1996.		* Táng Zhìjūn 湯志鈞. ''Zhāng Tàiyán zhuàn'' 章太炎傳 (Biography of Zhāng Tàiyán). Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 1996.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.1112a-1115a.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.1112a-1115a.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Greg: fixed some typos

Greg — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 13:39:01 GMT

fixed some typos

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 16 March 2010
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	\|image=[[File:Zhang_Taiyan.jpg\|center\|Zhāng Tàiyán]]		\|image=[[File:Zhang_Taiyan.jpg\|center\|Zhāng Tàiyán]]
	\|birth= [[1868]] (Tóngzhì 同治 7) in Yúháng County 餘杭縣, Zhèjiāng [[浙江]]		\|birth= [[1868]] (Tóngzhì 同治 7) in Yúháng County 餘杭縣, Zhèjiāng [[浙江]]
-	\|death=June 14, [1936]] in Sūzhōu [[蘇州]]	+	\|death=June 14, [[1936]] in Sūzhōu [[蘇州]]
	\|associates=Notable Associates:		\|associates=Notable Associates:
	* Guì Bóhuá [[桂伯華]]		* Guì Bóhuá [[桂伯華]]
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	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	Zhāng was the scion of a wealthy literati family from Zhèjiāng and growing up he received a classical education. At age 23 he completed his studies under one of the most respected scholars in China,<ref>Keenan, Barry C. ''Imperial China’s Last Academies: Social Change in the Lower Yangzi, 1864-1991.'' Center for China Studies, China Research Monograph, no. 42. Berkeley: University of California, 1994. Pp. 36-37, 50.</ref> Sūzhōu's Yú Yuè 俞樾 (Courtesy name 字: Qǔyuán 曲園, 1821-1907). In his studies and later scholarly work, Zhāng focused on historical phonology and lexicography.	+	Zhāng was the scion of a wealthy literati family from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]] and growing up he received a classical education. At age 23 he completed his studies under one of the most respected scholars in China,<ref>Keenan, Barry C. ''Imperial China’s Last Academies: Social Change in the Lower Yangzi, 1864-1991.'' Center for China Studies, China Research Monograph, no. 42. Berkeley: University of California, 1994. Pp. 36-37, 50.</ref> Sūzhōu's Yú Yuè 俞樾 (Courtesy name 字: Qǔyuán 曲園, 1821-1907). In his studies and later scholarly work, Zhāng focused on historical phonology and lexicography.

	In [[1897]] (Guāngxù 光緒 23), Zhāng moved to Shànghǎi [[上海]] and began writings for the ''Shíwu bào'' 時務報, during which time he became acquainted with Liáng Qǐchāo [[梁啓超]] and Tán Sìtóng [[譚嗣同]]. Along with them, Zhāng became involved in the reform movement led by Kāng Yǒuwéi [[康有為]], but Zhāng's position became more radical than Kāng’s and he eventually called for the overthrow the Manchu government. This shift in his thought was connected to his embrace of social Darwinism, which was associated with criticism of the ethnic minority Manchu government’s control over China’s majority Han ethnicity. At this point in his life, Zhāng also adopted a materialist position, which was based heavily on the thought of the 3rd century B.C.E. Chinese thinker Xúnzi 荀子. He was also highly critical of both the Christian idea of god and Buddhist reincarnation, which he describes as the belief in a transmigrating soul.		In [[1897]] (Guāngxù 光緒 23), Zhāng moved to Shànghǎi [[上海]] and began writings for the ''Shíwu bào'' 時務報, during which time he became acquainted with Liáng Qǐchāo [[梁啓超]] and Tán Sìtóng [[譚嗣同]]. Along with them, Zhāng became involved in the reform movement led by Kāng Yǒuwéi [[康有為]], but Zhāng's position became more radical than Kāng’s and he eventually called for the overthrow the Manchu government. This shift in his thought was connected to his embrace of social Darwinism, which was associated with criticism of the ethnic minority Manchu government’s control over China’s majority Han ethnicity. At this point in his life, Zhāng also adopted a materialist position, which was based heavily on the thought of the 3rd century B.C.E. Chinese thinker Xúnzi 荀子. He was also highly critical of both the Christian idea of god and Buddhist reincarnation, which he describes as the belief in a transmigrating soul.
Line 28:		Line 28:
	While in Japan began studying Buddhism under Guì Bóhuá [[桂伯華]].		While in Japan began studying Buddhism under Guì Bóhuá [[桂伯華]].

-	In [[1903]] (Guāngxù 光緒 29), Zhāng returned to Shànghǎi. There he continued his revolutionary activities, writing for local papers and publishing revolutionary tracts. On June 13 of that year, after the "''Sū bào'' Incident [http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/苏报案蘇報案]" he and a number of other pro-reform agitators were arrested and put in jail. While in prison he began to study Buddhism, particularly Consciousness-Only ~~唯識thought~~ and Buddhist logic 因明. Although he had studied Buddhism a little bit before this period, this marks his conversion to Buddhism and afterward he became known primarily as a Buddhist scholar. Zhāng eventually rejected materialism (and the evolutionistic ideal of progress) in favor of a worldview based on Consciousness-Only.	+	In [[1903]] (Guāngxù 光緒 29), Zhāng returned to Shànghǎi. There he continued his revolutionary activities, writing for local papers and publishing revolutionary tracts. On June 13 of that year, after the "''Sū bào'' Incident [http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/苏报案蘇報案]" he and a number of other pro-reform agitators were arrested and put in jail. While in prison he began to study Buddhism, particularly Consciousness-Only 唯識 thought and Buddhist logic 因明. Although he had studied Buddhism a little bit before this period, this marks his conversion to Buddhism and afterward he became known primarily as a Buddhist scholar. Zhāng eventually rejected materialism (and the evolutionistic ideal of progress) in favor of a worldview based on Consciousness-Only.

	After his release from prison in July [[1906]] (Guāngxù 光緒 32), Zhāng returned to Tōkyō, and joined Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Alliance 同盟會. He also attended lectures given in Tōkyō by Yuèxiá [[月霞]]. In attendance were a number of other important figures of the period, including Sū Mànshū [[蘇曼殊]].		After his release from prison in July [[1906]] (Guāngxù 光緒 32), Zhāng returned to Tōkyō, and joined Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Alliance 同盟會. He also attended lectures given in Tōkyō by Yuèxiá [[月霞]]. In attendance were a number of other important figures of the period, including Sū Mànshū [[蘇曼殊]].
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	In general, Zhāng disagreed with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Culture_Movement New Culture] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement May Fourth Movements], and after 1918 he left the world of politics behind to focus on Buddhist scholarship.		In general, Zhāng disagreed with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Culture_Movement New Culture] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement May Fourth Movements], and after 1918 he left the world of politics behind to focus on Buddhist scholarship.

-	He died of illness on June 14, [1936]] in Sūzhōu	+	He died of illness on June 14, [[1936]] in Sūzhōu

	----		----

Erik hammerstrom at 15:47, 6 January 2010

Erik hammerstrom — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 15:47:29 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 6 January 2010
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	* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1897. Pp. 104-145.		* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1897. Pp. 104-145.
	* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.		* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.
		+	* * {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.555-559.
	* Táng Zhìjūn 湯志鈞. ''Zhāng Tàiyán zhuàn'' 章太炎傳 (Biography of Zhāng Tàiyán). Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 1996.		* Táng Zhìjūn 湯志鈞. ''Zhāng Tàiyán zhuàn'' 章太炎傳 (Biography of Zhāng Tàiyán). Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 1996.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.1112a-1115a.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.1112a-1115a.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Erik hammerstrom at 16:47, 30 December 2009

Erik hammerstrom — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 16:47:22 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 30 December 2009
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	== Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936) ==		== Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936) ==

-	Zhāng Tàiyán was one of the most important Chinese thinkers of the 20th century. ~~He was a~~ prominent philologist, scholar, and reformer of the late Qing period ~~and early Republican period. From~~ the first decade of the 20th century he turned increasingly to Buddhism, ~~and became~~ one of its major scholars in the ~~Republic~~ period.	+	Zhāng Tàiyán was one of the most important Chinese thinkers of the 20th century. A prominent philologist, scholar, and reformer of the late Qing period, from the first decade of the 20th century he turned increasingly to Buddhism, becoming one of its major scholars in the Republican period.

	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

Erik hammerstrom at 16:46, 30 December 2009

Erik hammerstrom — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 16:46:31 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:46, 30 December 2009
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	* Liáng Qǐchāo [[梁啓超]]		* Liáng Qǐchāo [[梁啓超]]
	* Tán Sìtóng [[譚嗣同]]		* Tán Sìtóng [[譚嗣同]]
		+	* Zōngyǎng [[宗仰]]
	\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom		\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom
	}}		}}
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	== Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936) ==		== Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936) ==

-	~~Short bio~~.	+	Zhāng Tàiyán was one of the most important Chinese thinkers of the 20th century. He was a prominent philologist, scholar, and reformer of the late Qing period and early Republican period. From the first decade of the 20th century he turned increasingly to Buddhism, and became one of its major scholars in the Republic period.

	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''
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	In [[1903]] (Guāngxù 光緒 29), Zhāng returned to Shànghǎi. There he continued his revolutionary activities, writing for local papers and publishing revolutionary tracts. On June 13 of that year, after the "''Sū bào'' Incident [http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/苏报案蘇報案]" he and a number of other pro-reform agitators were arrested and put in jail. While in prison he began to study Buddhism, particularly Consciousness-Only 唯識thought and Buddhist logic 因明. Although he had studied Buddhism a little bit before this period, this marks his conversion to Buddhism and afterward he became known primarily as a Buddhist scholar. Zhāng eventually rejected materialism (and the evolutionistic ideal of progress) in favor of a worldview based on Consciousness-Only.		In [[1903]] (Guāngxù 光緒 29), Zhāng returned to Shànghǎi. There he continued his revolutionary activities, writing for local papers and publishing revolutionary tracts. On June 13 of that year, after the "''Sū bào'' Incident [http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/苏报案蘇報案]" he and a number of other pro-reform agitators were arrested and put in jail. While in prison he began to study Buddhism, particularly Consciousness-Only 唯識thought and Buddhist logic 因明. Although he had studied Buddhism a little bit before this period, this marks his conversion to Buddhism and afterward he became known primarily as a Buddhist scholar. Zhāng eventually rejected materialism (and the evolutionistic ideal of progress) in favor of a worldview based on Consciousness-Only.

-	~~By 1918~~, he had left the world of politics behind to focus ~~completely~~ on Buddhist scholarship.	+	After his release from prison in July [[1906]] (Guāngxù 光緒 32), Zhāng returned to Tōkyō, and joined Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Alliance 同盟會. He also attended lectures given in Tōkyō by Yuèxiá [[月霞]]. In attendance were a number of other important figures of the period, including Sū Mànshū [[蘇曼殊]].
		+
		+	With the founding of the Republic in [[1912]], Zhāng accepted a post in the government of Sun Yat-sen, but within the year he was put under house arrest at Běijīng's [[北京]] Lóngquán Temple [[龍泉寺]] by Yuán Shìkǎi 袁世凱 during the latter's tenure as President/Emperor of China. During this time he bought a copy of the ''Kalaviṇka Canon'' [[頻伽大藏經]], which he had helped Zōngyǎng [[宗仰]] to publish.
		+
		+	After Yuán's death in [[1915]], he was released and traveled around with Sun's government.
		+
		+	In general, Zhāng disagreed with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Culture_Movement New Culture] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement May Fourth Movements], and after 1918 he left the world of politics behind to focus on Buddhist scholarship.
		+
		+	He died of illness on June 14, [1936]] in Sūzhōu

	----		----
	'''Important Works'''		'''Important Works'''
		+	* 章氏叢書
		+	* 章氏叢書續編
		+	* 章氏叢書三編
		+	* 章太炎全集

	----		----
	'''Notable Students'''		'''Notable Students'''
		+	* Huáng Kǎn 黃侃 (Jìgāng 季剛)
		+	* Qián Xuántóng 錢玄同

	----		----

Erik hammerstrom at 15:59, 30 December 2009

Erik hammerstrom — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 15:59:03 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 30 December 2009
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	{{Bio_infobox		{{Bio_infobox
	\|name-date=Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936)		\|name-date=Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936)
-	\|names=Names 名: Xuéchéng 學乘, Bǐnglín 炳麟	+	\|names=* Names 名: Xuéchéng 學乘, Bǐnglín 炳麟
-	Courtesy names 字: Méishū 枚叔, Tàiyán 太炎	+	* Courtesy names 字: Méishū 枚叔, Tàiyán 太炎
	\|image=[[File:Zhang_Taiyan.jpg\|center\|Zhāng Tàiyán]]		\|image=[[File:Zhang_Taiyan.jpg\|center\|Zhāng Tàiyán]]
	\|birth= [[1868]] (Tóngzhì 同治 7) in Yúháng County 餘杭縣, Zhèjiāng [[浙江]]		\|birth= [[1868]] (Tóngzhì 同治 7) in Yúháng County 餘杭縣, Zhèjiāng [[浙江]]
	\|death=June 14, [1936]] in Sūzhōu [[蘇州]]		\|death=June 14, [1936]] in Sūzhōu [[蘇州]]
	\|associates=Notable Associates:		\|associates=Notable Associates:
-	* ~~Timothy Richard~~ [[~~李提摩太~~]]	+	* Guì Bóhuá [[桂伯華]]
-	* ~~Ōuyáng Jiàn~~ [[~~歐陽漸~~]]	+	* Liáng Qǐchāo [[梁啓超]]
-	* ~~Tàixū~~ [[太虛]]	+	* Tán Sìtóng [[譚嗣同]]
	\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom		\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom
	}}		}}
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	Short bio.		Short bio.
-
-	* Style name 號:
-	* Dharma name 法名:

	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	Zhāng was the scion of a wealthy literati family from Zhèjiāng~~. He~~ received a classical education. In his ~~twenties, Zhāng became involved in~~ the ~~reform movement led by Kāng Yǒuwéi [[康有為]]~~, ~~but his position became more radical than Kāng’s and he eventually called for the overthrow the Manchu government~~. ~~This shift~~ in ~~his thought was connected to his embrace of social Darwinism~~, ~~which was associated with criticism of the ethnic minority Manchu government’s control over China’s majority Han ethnicity~~. ~~At this point in his life~~, ~~Zhāng also adopted a materialist position~~, ~~which was based heavily on the thought~~ of ~~the 3rd century B~~.C.E. ~~Chinese thinker Xúnzi 荀子~~. ~~He was also highly critical of both the Christian idea of god~~ and ~~Buddhist reincarnation~~, ~~which he describes as the belief in a transmigrating soul~~.	+	Zhāng was the scion of a wealthy literati family from Zhèjiāng and growing up he received a classical education. At age 23 he completed his studies under one of the most respected scholars in China,<ref>Keenan, Barry C. ''Imperial China’s Last Academies: Social Change in the Lower Yangzi, 1864-1991.'' Center for China Studies, China Research Monograph, no. 42. Berkeley: University of California, 1994. Pp. 36-37, 50.</ref> Sūzhōu's Yú Yuè 俞樾 (Courtesy name 字: Qǔyuán 曲園, 1821-1907). In his studies and later scholarly work, Zhāng focused on historical phonology and lexicography.

-	In the ~~first decade~~ of the ~~20th century~~, Zhāng was ~~imprisoned by~~ the ~~government for~~ his ~~radical views~~. While in prison he began to study Buddhism, particularly Consciousness-Only ~~thought~~ and ~~classical~~ Buddhist logic. Although he studied Buddhism a little bit before this period, this marks his conversion to Buddhism and afterward he became known primarily as a Buddhist scholar. Zhāng eventually rejected materialism (and the evolutionistic ideal of progress) in favor of a worldview based on Consciousness-Only. By 1918, he had left the world of politics behind to focus completely on Buddhist scholarship.	+	In [[1897]] (Guāngxù 光緒 23), Zhāng moved to Shànghǎi [[上海]] and began writings for the ''Shíwu bào'' 時務報, during which time he became acquainted with Liáng Qǐchāo [[梁啓超]] and Tán Sìtóng [[譚嗣同]]. Along with them, Zhāng became involved in the reform movement led by Kāng Yǒuwéi [[康有為]], but Zhāng's position became more radical than Kāng’s and he eventually called for the overthrow the Manchu government. This shift in his thought was connected to his embrace of social Darwinism, which was associated with criticism of the ethnic minority Manchu government’s control over China’s majority Han ethnicity. At this point in his life, Zhāng also adopted a materialist position, which was based heavily on the thought of the 3rd century B.C.E. Chinese thinker Xúnzi 荀子. He was also highly critical of both the Christian idea of god and Buddhist reincarnation, which he describes as the belief in a transmigrating soul.
		+
		+	After the failure of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Days%27_Reform One Hundred Days' Reform] in [[1898]], which resulted in the execution of many including Tán Sìtóng, Zhāng fled to Taiwan, then Japan. In Japan he joined forces with Sun Yat-sen, and led a number of revolutionary activities, such as giving pro-reform lectures to the large number of Chinese students living in Japan.
		+
		+	While in Japan began studying Buddhism under Guì Bóhuá [[桂伯華]].
		+
		+	In [[1903]] (Guāngxù 光緒 29), Zhāng returned to Shànghǎi. There he continued his revolutionary activities, writing for local papers and publishing revolutionary tracts. On June 13 of that year, after the "''Sū bào'' Incident [http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/苏报案蘇報案]" he and a number of other pro-reform agitators were arrested and put in jail. While in prison he began to study Buddhism, particularly Consciousness-Only 唯識thought and Buddhist logic 因明. Although he had studied Buddhism a little bit before this period, this marks his conversion to Buddhism and afterward he became known primarily as a Buddhist scholar. Zhāng eventually rejected materialism (and the evolutionistic ideal of progress) in favor of a worldview based on Consciousness-Only.
		+
		+	By 1918, he had left the world of politics behind to focus completely on Buddhist scholarship.

	----		----
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	* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1897. Pp. 104-145.		* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1897. Pp. 104-145.
	* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.		* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.
-	* Táng Zhìjūn 湯志鈞. ''Zhāng Tàiyán zhuàn'' 章太炎傳 (Biography of ~~Zhang Taiyan~~). Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 1996.	+	* Táng Zhìjūn 湯志鈞. ''Zhāng Tàiyán zhuàn'' 章太炎傳 (Biography of Zhāng Tàiyán). Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 1996.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.1112a-1115a.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.1112a-1115a.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Erik hammerstrom: Created page with '{{Bio_infobox |name-date=Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936) |names=Names 名: Xuéchéng 學乘, Bǐnglín 炳麟 Courtesy names 字: Méishū 枚叔, Tàiyán 太炎 |image=[...'

Erik hammerstrom — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 15:22:55 GMT

Created page with '{{Bio_infobox |name-date=Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936) |names=Names 名: Xuéchéng 學乘, Bǐnglín 炳麟 Courtesy names 字: Méishū 枚叔, Tàiyán 太炎 |image=[...'

New page

{{Bio_infobox
|name-date=Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936)
|names=Names 名: Xuéchéng 學乘, Bǐnglín 炳麟
Courtesy names 字: Méishū 枚叔, Tàiyán 太炎
|image=[[File:Zhang_Taiyan.jpg|center|Zhāng Tàiyán]]
|birth= [[1868]] (Tóngzhì 同治 7) in Yúháng County 餘杭縣, Zhèjiāng [[浙江]]
|death=June 14, [1936]] in Sūzhōu [[蘇州]]
|associates=Notable Associates:
* Timothy Richard [[李提摩太]]
* Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]]
* Tàixū [[太虛]]
|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom
}}

== Zhāng Tàiyán 章太炎 (1868-1936) ==

Short bio.

* Style name 號:
* Dharma name 法名:

'''Biography'''

Zhāng was the scion of a wealthy literati family from Zhèjiāng. He received a classical education. In his twenties, Zhāng became involved in the reform movement led by Kāng Yǒuwéi [[康有為]], but his position became more radical than Kāng’s and he eventually called for the overthrow the Manchu government. This shift in his thought was connected to his embrace of social Darwinism, which was associated with criticism of the ethnic minority Manchu government’s control over China’s majority Han ethnicity. At this point in his life, Zhāng also adopted a materialist position, which was based heavily on the thought of the 3rd century B.C.E. Chinese thinker Xúnzi 荀子. He was also highly critical of both the Christian idea of god and Buddhist reincarnation, which he describes as the belief in a transmigrating soul.

In the first decade of the 20th century, Zhāng was imprisoned by the government for his radical views. While in prison he began to study Buddhism, particularly Consciousness-Only thought and classical Buddhist logic. Although he studied Buddhism a little bit before this period, this marks his conversion to Buddhism and afterward he became known primarily as a Buddhist scholar. Zhāng eventually rejected materialism (and the evolutionistic ideal of progress) in favor of a worldview based on Consciousness-Only. By 1918, he had left the world of politics behind to focus completely on Buddhist scholarship.

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'''Important Works'''

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'''Notable Students'''

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'''Notes'''

<references/>

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'''References:'''
* Chan, Sin-wai. ''Buddhism in Late Ch’ing Political Thought.'' Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1985. Pp. 43-46.
* Chang, Hao. ''Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 1897. Pp. 104-145.
* Laitinen, Kauko. ''Chinese Nationalism in the Late Qing Dynasty: Zhang Binglin as an Anti-Manchu Propagandist.'' London: Curzon, 1990.
* Táng Zhìjūn 湯志鈞. ''Zhāng Tàiyán zhuàn'' 章太炎傳 (Biography of Zhang Taiyan). Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 1996.
* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.1112a-1115a.

[[Category:Biography]]