Tanxu 倓虛 - Revision history

Erik hammerstrom at 15:48, 9 January 2011

Erik hammerstrom — Sun, 09 Jan 2011 15:48:49 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 9 January 2011
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	==References==		==References==
		+	* Carter, James. ''Heart of Buddha, Heart of China: The Life of Tanxu, a Twentieth-Century Monk''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.834-837.		* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.834-837.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.800a-803b.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.800a-803b.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Erik hammerstrom at 20:02, 26 July 2010

Erik hammerstrom — Mon, 26 Jul 2010 20:02:31 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:02, 26 July 2010
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	}}		}}

-	'''Tánxū 倓虛 (1875-1963)''' was a patriarch of the Tiāntái 天臺 school from northeast China who restored half a dozen temples (mostly in the northeast), and also helped establish 13 Buddhist seminaries during his life.	+	'''Tánxū 倓虛 (1875-1963)''' was a patriarch of the Tiāntái [[天台]] school from northeast China who restored half a dozen temples (mostly in the northeast), and also helped establish 13 Buddhist seminaries during his life.

	==Biography==		==Biography==

-	Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口, Liáoníng province [[遼寧]].<ref>Known as Fèngtiān 奉天 at the time</ref> After reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple 高明寺 in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].	+	Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口, Liáoníng province [[遼寧]].<ref>Known as Fèngtiān 奉天 at the time.</ref> After reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple 高明寺 in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].

	In the fall of [[1920]], Tánxū returned to northern China, where he was invited by Chándìng [[禪定]] (another monk from Guānzōng Temple) to head the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] being established at Wànshòu Temple 萬壽寺 in Liáoníng. On his way to Liáoníng, he stopped by Yíngkǒu to see his wife and children, as well as the friends with whom he had studied the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. His friends asked him to build a temple, but as he had already promised to go to Fèngtiān, Tánxū left the work of establishing a temple to them.		In the fall of [[1920]], Tánxū returned to northern China, where he was invited by Chándìng [[禪定]] (another monk from Guānzōng Temple) to head the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] being established at Wànshòu Temple 萬壽寺 in Liáoníng. On his way to Liáoníng, he stopped by Yíngkǒu to see his wife and children, as well as the friends with whom he had studied the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. His friends asked him to build a temple, but as he had already promised to go to Fèngtiān, Tánxū left the work of establishing a temple to them.

-	Tánxū taught at the Wànshòu Temple Buddhist Seminary [[萬壽寺佛學院]] until [[1923]]. During this time he also traveled around northeast China and gave lectures and the three refuges to lay people ~~三皈依~~. At the end of his tenure at the seminary, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]] and other laymen in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] helped him reestablish Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]]. Restoration was completed in August [[1924]]. Tánxū, who immediately became the temple's abbot, established the Jílè Temple Buddhist School [[極樂寺佛教學校]]. In April [[1929]], ordinations were held at the temple and Tánxū asked Dìxián to come and take part. It was possibly around this time that Dìxián made Tánxū a 44th generation lineage holder in the Tiāntái school.	+	Tánxū taught at the Wànshòu Temple Buddhist Seminary [[萬壽寺佛學院]] until [[1923]]. During this time he also traveled around northeast China and gave lectures and the three refuges 三皈依 to lay people. At the end of his tenure at the seminary, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]] and other laymen in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] helped him reestablish Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]]. Restoration was completed in August [[1924]]. Tánxū, who immediately became the temple's abbot, established the Jílè Temple Buddhist School [[極樂寺佛教學校]]. In April [[1929]], ordinations were held at the temple and Tánxū asked Dìxián to come and take part. It was possibly around this time that Dìxián made Tánxū a 44th generation lineage holder in the Tiāntái school.

	In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to begin restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. While based in Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish Buddhism in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].		In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to begin restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. While based in Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish Buddhism in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].

Erik hammerstrom at 13:51, 30 March 2010

Erik hammerstrom — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 13:51:22 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:51, 30 March 2010
Line 17:		Line 17:
	}}		}}

-	== Tánxū 倓虛 (1875-1963) ==	+	'''Tánxū 倓虛 (1875-1963)''' was a patriarch of the Tiāntái 天臺 school from northeast China who restored half a dozen temples (mostly in the northeast), and also helped establish 13 Buddhist seminaries during his life.

-	~~A patriarch of the Tiāntái 天臺 school from northeast China who restored half a dozen temples (mostly in the northeast), and also helped establish 13 Buddhist seminaries during his life.~~	+	==Biography==
-		+
-	~~'''~~Biography~~'''~~	+

	Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口, Liáoníng province [[遼寧]].<ref>Known as Fèngtiān 奉天 at the time</ref> After reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple 高明寺 in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].		Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口, Liáoníng province [[遼寧]].<ref>Known as Fèngtiān 奉天 at the time</ref> After reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple 高明寺 in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].
Line 39:		Line 37:
	Tánxū continued lecturing, favoring the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. On August 11, 1963, after passing his 89th birthday, Tánxū died.		Tánxū continued lecturing, favoring the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. On August 11, 1963, after passing his 89th birthday, Tánxū died.

-	~~----~~	+	==Important Works==
-	~~'''~~Important Works~~'''~~	+
	* 金剛經講義		* 金剛經講義
	* 楞嚴經講義		* 楞嚴經講義
Line 49:		Line 46:
	* 影塵回憶錄		* 影塵回憶錄
	* 湛山大師法彙		* 湛山大師法彙
-	~~----~~
-	~~'''Notable Students'''~~

-	~~----~~	+	==Notable Students==
-	~~'''~~Notes~~'''~~	+
		+	==Notes==

	<references/>		<references/>

-	~~----~~	+	==References==
-	~~'''~~References~~:'''~~	+
	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.834-837.		* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.834-837.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.800a-803b.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.800a-803b.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Erik hammerstrom: moved 倓虛 to Tanxu 倓虛: To accord with new protocol

Erik hammerstrom — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 13:45:27 GMT

moved 倓虛 to Tanxu 倓虛: To accord with new protocol

← Older revision

Revision as of 13:45, 30 March 2010

Erik hammerstrom at 15:50, 27 January 2010

Erik hammerstrom — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 15:50:33 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 27 January 2010
Line 23:		Line 23:
	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口, Liáoníng province [[遼寧]].<ref>Known as Fèngtiān 奉天 at the time</ref> reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].	+	Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口, Liáoníng province [[遼寧]].<ref>Known as Fèngtiān 奉天 at the time</ref> After reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple 高明寺 in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].

	In the fall of [[1920]], Tánxū returned to northern China, where he was invited by Chándìng [[禪定]] (another monk from Guānzōng Temple) to head the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] being established at Wànshòu Temple 萬壽寺 in Liáoníng. On his way to Liáoníng, he stopped by Yíngkǒu to see his wife and children, as well as the friends with whom he had studied the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. His friends asked him to build a temple, but as he had already promised to go to Fèngtiān, Tánxū left the work of establishing a temple to them.		In the fall of [[1920]], Tánxū returned to northern China, where he was invited by Chándìng [[禪定]] (another monk from Guānzōng Temple) to head the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] being established at Wànshòu Temple 萬壽寺 in Liáoníng. On his way to Liáoníng, he stopped by Yíngkǒu to see his wife and children, as well as the friends with whom he had studied the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. His friends asked him to build a temple, but as he had already promised to go to Fèngtiān, Tánxū left the work of establishing a temple to them.

-	Tánxū taught at the Wànshòu Temple Buddhist Seminary [[萬壽寺佛學院]] until [[1923]]. During this time he also traveled around northeast China and gave lectures and the three refuges 三皈依. At the end of his tenure at the seminary, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]] and other laymen in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] helped him reestablish Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]]. Restoration was completed in August [[1924]]. Tánxū, who immediately became the temple's abbot, established the Jílè Temple Buddhist School [[極樂寺佛教學校]]. In April [[1929]], ordinations were held at the temple and Tánxū asked Dìxián to come and take part. It was possibly around this time that Dìxián made Tánxū a 44th generation lineage holder in the Tiāntái school.	+	Tánxū taught at the Wànshòu Temple Buddhist Seminary [[萬壽寺佛學院]] until [[1923]]. During this time he also traveled around northeast China and gave lectures and the three refuges to lay people 三皈依. At the end of his tenure at the seminary, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]] and other laymen in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] helped him reestablish Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]]. Restoration was completed in August [[1924]]. Tánxū, who immediately became the temple's abbot, established the Jílè Temple Buddhist School [[極樂寺佛教學校]]. In April [[1929]], ordinations were held at the temple and Tánxū asked Dìxián to come and take part. It was possibly around this time that Dìxián made Tánxū a 44th generation lineage holder in the Tiāntái school.

	In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to begin restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. While based in Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish Buddhism in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].		In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to begin restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. While based in Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish Buddhism in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].

Erik hammerstrom at 01:08, 21 January 2010

Erik hammerstrom — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 01:08:08 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:08, 21 January 2010
Line 31:		Line 31:
	In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to begin restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. While based in Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish Buddhism in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].		In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to begin restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. While based in Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish Buddhism in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].

-	From [[1934]] until [[1946]], Tánxū was in Qīngdǎo [[青島]] working to establish Zhànshān Temple 湛山寺.	+	From [[1934]] until [[1946]], Tánxū was in Qīngdǎo [[青島]] working to establish Zhànshān Temple [[湛山寺]] and the Zhànshān Temple Buddhist Seminary [[湛山寺佛學院]].

	In March of [[1948]], Tánxū left Qīngdǎo, traveling first to Shànghǎi [[上海]] then on to Hong Kong [[香港]]. In Hong Long he found that many of his former students were studying Christianity with Karl Ludvig Reichelt [[艾香德]] at the latter's Tao Fung Shan 道風山. With the help of an old acquaintance, the layman Yè Gōngchuò [[葉恭綽]], Tánxū took over the abandoned Hóngfǎ Hermitage [[弘法精舍]] (which had been started by Bǎojìng [[寶靜]]) and created the South China Buddhist Seminary [[華南佛學院]]. The seminary initially had 10 monks in residence, but as more monks fled the chaos of the Civil War in China, that number swelled to over 20. The monks planted vegetables and gathered firewood, but even then the money they received from their lay supporters was not enough.		In March of [[1948]], Tánxū left Qīngdǎo, traveling first to Shànghǎi [[上海]] then on to Hong Kong [[香港]]. In Hong Long he found that many of his former students were studying Christianity with Karl Ludvig Reichelt [[艾香德]] at the latter's Tao Fung Shan 道風山. With the help of an old acquaintance, the layman Yè Gōngchuò [[葉恭綽]], Tánxū took over the abandoned Hóngfǎ Hermitage [[弘法精舍]] (which had been started by Bǎojìng [[寶靜]]) and created the South China Buddhist Seminary [[華南佛學院]]. The seminary initially had 10 monks in residence, but as more monks fled the chaos of the Civil War in China, that number swelled to over 20. The monks planted vegetables and gathered firewood, but even then the money they received from their lay supporters was not enough.

Greg: changed references to Fengtian, will add page on Liaoning detailing the historical names; fixes typos

Greg — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 17:00:22 GMT

changed references to Fengtian, will add page on Liaoning detailing the historical names; fixes typos

Erik hammerstrom: Created page with '{{Bio_infobox |name-date=Tánxū 倓虛 (1875-1963) |names=* Lay Surname 姓: Wáng 王 * Name 名: Fútíng 福庭 * Style name 號: Tánxū 倓虛 * Dharma name 法名: Lóngxi...'

Erik hammerstrom — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 16:43:33 GMT

Created page with '{{Bio_infobox |name-date=Tánxū 倓虛 (1875-1963) |names=* Lay Surname 姓: Wáng 王 * Name 名: Fútíng 福庭 * Style name 號: Tánxū 倓虛 * Dharma name 法名: Lóngxi...'

New page

{{Bio_infobox
|name-date=Tánxū 倓虛 (1875-1963)
|names=* Lay Surname 姓: Wáng 王
* Name 名: Fútíng 福庭
* Style name 號: Tánxū 倓虛
* Dharma name 法名: Lóngxián 隆銜
|image=[[File:Tanxu.jpg|center|Tánxū]]
|birth=[[1875]] (Guāngxù 光緒 1) in Nínghé County 寧河縣, Héběi [[河北]]
|death=August 11, 1963 in Hong Kong
|associates=Notable Associates:
* Chándìng [[禪定]]
* Dìxián [[諦閑]]
* Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]]
* Yè Gōngchuò [[葉恭綽]]
* Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]]
|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom
}}

== Tánxū 倓虛 (1875-1963) ==

A patriarch of the Tiāntái 天臺 school from northeast China who restored half a dozen temples (mostly in the northeast), and also helped establish 13 Buddhist seminaries during his life.

'''Biography'''

Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口. After reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].

In the fall of [[1920]], Tánxū returned to northern China, where he was invited by Chándìng [[禪定]] (another monk from Guānzōng Temple) to head the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] being established at Wànshòu Temple 萬壽寺 in Fèngtiān 奉天. On his way to Fèngtiān, he stopped by Yíngkǒu to see his wife and children, as well as the friends with whom he had studied the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. His friends asked him to build a temple, but as he had already promised to go to Fèngtiān, Tánxū left the work of establishing a temple to them.

Tánxū taught at the Wànshòu Temple Buddhist Seminary [[萬壽寺佛學院]] until [[1923]]. During this time he also traveled around northeast China and gave lectures and the three refuges 三皈依. At the end of his tenure at the seminary, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]] and other laymen in Hāěrbīn [[哈爾濱]] helped him reestablish Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]]. Restoration was completed in August [[1924]]. Tánxū, who immediately became the temple's abbot, established the Jílè Temple Buddhist School [[極樂寺佛教學校]]. In April [[1929]], ordinations were held at the temple and Tánxū asked Dìxián to come and take part. it was possibly around this time that Dìxián made Tánxū a 44th generation lineage holder in the Tiāntái school.

In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to began restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. From Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish Buddhist in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].

From [[1934]] until [[1946]], Tánxū was in Qīngdǎo [[青島]] working to establish Zhànshān Temple 湛山寺.

In March of [[1948]], Tánxū left Qīngdǎo, traveling first to Shànghǎi [[上海]] then on to Hong Kong. In Hong Long he found that many of his former students were studying Christianity with Karl Ludvig Reichelt [[艾香德]] at the latter's Tao Fung Shan 道風山. With the help of an old acquaintance, the layman Yè Gōngchuò [[葉恭綽]], Tánxū took over the abandoned Hóngfǎ Hermitage [[弘法精舍]] (which had been started by Bǎojìng [[寶靜]]) and created the South China Buddhist Seminary [[華南佛學院]]. The seminary initially had 10 monks in residence, but as more monks fled the chaos in Civil War China, that number swelled to over 20. The monks planted vegetables and gathered firewood, but even then the money they received from their lay supporters was not enough.

The seminary's first class graduated in 1951, and the second class (also over 20 students in number), graduated in 1954. Tánxū wanted to retire, but the seminary's board did not wish to let him go, so they transformed the seminary into a research school (which reduced Tánxū's teaching load considerably).

Tánxū continued lecturing, favoring the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. On August 11, 1963, after passing his 89th birthday, Tánxū died.

----
'''Important Works'''
* 金剛經講義
* 楞嚴經講義
* 普賢行願隨聞記
* 始終心要義記
* 天臺傳佛心記釋要
* 心經義疏
* 影塵回憶錄
* 湛山大師法彙
----
'''Notable Students'''

----
'''Notes'''

<references/>

----
'''References:'''
* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.834-837.
* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.800a-803b.

[[Category:Biography]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:00, 14 January 2010
Line 7:		Line 7:
	\|image=[[File:Tanxu.jpg\|center\|Tánxū]]		\|image=[[File:Tanxu.jpg\|center\|Tánxū]]
	\|birth=[[1875]] (Guāngxù 光緒 1) in Nínghé County 寧河縣, Héběi [[河北]]		\|birth=[[1875]] (Guāngxù 光緒 1) in Nínghé County 寧河縣, Héběi [[河北]]
-	\|death=August 11, 1963 in Hong Kong	+	\|death=August 11, 1963 in Hong Kong [[香港]]
	\|associates=Notable Associates:		\|associates=Notable Associates:
	* Chándìng [[禪定]]		* Chándìng [[禪定]]
Line 23:		Line 23:
	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口. ~~After~~ reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].	+	Tánxū received a traditional education and eventually opened a pharmacy in Yíngkǒu 營口, Liáoníng province [[遼寧]].<ref>Known as Fèngtiān 奉天 at the time</ref> reading the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra'' 楞嚴經, he made up his mind to ordain. He was tonsured in [[1917]] under Chán Master Yìnkuí 印魁 (of the Línjì 臨濟 lineage) at Gāomíng Temple in Láishuǐ County 淶水縣. In September he traveled to Níngbō [[寧波]] where he took full ordination at Guānzōng Temple [[觀宗寺]]. Tánxū stayed at the temple until [[1920]], studying Tiāntái 天臺 thought under Dìxián [[諦閑]] at the temple's Guānzōng Research Society [[觀宗研究社]].

-	In the fall of [[1920]], Tánxū returned to northern China, where he was invited by Chándìng [[禪定]] (another monk from Guānzōng Temple) to head the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] being established at Wànshòu Temple 萬壽寺 in ~~Fèngtiān 奉天~~. On his way to ~~Fèngtiān~~, he stopped by Yíngkǒu to see his wife and children, as well as the friends with whom he had studied the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. His friends asked him to build a temple, but as he had already promised to go to Fèngtiān, Tánxū left the work of establishing a temple to them.	+	In the fall of [[1920]], Tánxū returned to northern China, where he was invited by Chándìng [[禪定]] (another monk from Guānzōng Temple) to head the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] being established at Wànshòu Temple 萬壽寺 in Liáoníng. On his way to Liáoníng, he stopped by Yíngkǒu to see his wife and children, as well as the friends with whom he had studied the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. His friends asked him to build a temple, but as he had already promised to go to Fèngtiān, Tánxū left the work of establishing a temple to them.

-	Tánxū taught at the Wànshòu Temple Buddhist Seminary [[萬壽寺佛學院]] until [[1923]]. During this time he also traveled around northeast China and gave lectures and the three refuges 三皈依. At the end of his tenure at the seminary, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]] and other laymen in ~~Hāěrbīn~~ [[哈爾濱]] helped him reestablish Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]]. Restoration was completed in August [[1924]]. Tánxū, who immediately became the temple's abbot, established the Jílè Temple Buddhist School [[極樂寺佛教學校]]. In April [[1929]], ordinations were held at the temple and Tánxū asked Dìxián to come and take part. it was possibly around this time that Dìxián made Tánxū a 44th generation lineage holder in the Tiāntái school.	+	Tánxū taught at the Wànshòu Temple Buddhist Seminary [[萬壽寺佛學院]] until [[1923]]. During this time he also traveled around northeast China and gave lectures and the three refuges 三皈依. At the end of his tenure at the seminary, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]] and other laymen in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] helped him reestablish Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]]. Restoration was completed in August [[1924]]. Tánxū, who immediately became the temple's abbot, established the Jílè Temple Buddhist School [[極樂寺佛教學校]]. In April [[1929]], ordinations were held at the temple and Tánxū asked Dìxián to come and take part. It was possibly around this time that Dìxián made Tánxū a 44th generation lineage holder in the Tiāntái school.

-	In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to ~~began~~ restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. ~~From~~ Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish ~~Buddhist~~ in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].	+	In [[1929]], Tánxū retired as abbot of Jílè Temple and went to begin restoration of Bōrě Temple 般若寺 in Chángchūn [[長春]]. Hostilities broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces in northeast China in [[1930]], and in February of [[1932]], Zhū Zǐqiáo sent a telegram to Tánxū inviting him to Xī'ān [[西安]]. While based in Xī'ān, Tánxū worked to reestablish Buddhism in northwest China with the help of Zhū and Kāng Jìyáo [[康寄遙]].

	From [[1934]] until [[1946]], Tánxū was in Qīngdǎo [[青島]] working to establish Zhànshān Temple 湛山寺.		From [[1934]] until [[1946]], Tánxū was in Qīngdǎo [[青島]] working to establish Zhànshān Temple 湛山寺.

-	In March of [[1948]], Tánxū left Qīngdǎo, traveling first to Shànghǎi [[上海]] then on to Hong Kong. In Hong Long he found that many of his former students were studying Christianity with Karl Ludvig Reichelt [[艾香德]] at the latter's Tao Fung Shan 道風山. With the help of an old acquaintance, the layman Yè Gōngchuò [[葉恭綽]], Tánxū took over the abandoned Hóngfǎ Hermitage [[弘法精舍]] (which had been started by Bǎojìng [[寶靜]]) and created the South China Buddhist Seminary [[華南佛學院]]. The seminary initially had 10 monks in residence, but as more monks fled the chaos in Civil War China, that number swelled to over 20. The monks planted vegetables and gathered firewood, but even then the money they received from their lay supporters was not enough.	+	In March of [[1948]], Tánxū left Qīngdǎo, traveling first to Shànghǎi [[上海]] then on to Hong Kong [[香港]]. In Hong Long he found that many of his former students were studying Christianity with Karl Ludvig Reichelt [[艾香德]] at the latter's Tao Fung Shan 道風山. With the help of an old acquaintance, the layman Yè Gōngchuò [[葉恭綽]], Tánxū took over the abandoned Hóngfǎ Hermitage [[弘法精舍]] (which had been started by Bǎojìng [[寶靜]]) and created the South China Buddhist Seminary [[華南佛學院]]. The seminary initially had 10 monks in residence, but as more monks fled the chaos of the Civil War in China, that number swelled to over 20. The monks planted vegetables and gathered firewood, but even then the money they received from their lay supporters was not enough.

-	The seminary's first class graduated in 1951, and the second class (also over 20 students in number), graduated in 1954. Tánxū wanted to retire, but the seminary's board did not wish to let him go, so they transformed the seminary into a research school (which reduced Tánxū's teaching load considerably).	+	The seminary's first class graduated in 1951, and the second class (also over 20 students in number), graduated in 1954. Tánxū wanted to retire, but the seminary's board did not wish to let him go, so they transformed the seminary into a research school, which reduced Tánxū's teaching load considerably.

	Tánxū continued lecturing, favoring the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. On August 11, 1963, after passing his 89th birthday, Tánxū died.		Tánxū continued lecturing, favoring the ''Lankāvatara Sūtra''. On August 11, 1963, after passing his 89th birthday, Tánxū died.