Xiong Shili 熊十力 - Revision history

Erik hammerstrom at 00:41, 9 April 2012

2012-04-09T00:41:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:41, 9 April 2012
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	\|death=1968 in Shànghǎi [[上海]]		\|death=1968 in Shànghǎi [[上海]]
	\|associates=Notable Associates:		\|associates=Notable Associates:
-	* Liáng Shùmíng 梁漱溟	+	* Liáng Shùmíng [[梁漱溟]]
		+	* Lín Zǎipíng [[林宰平]]
	* Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]]		* Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]]
	* Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]]		* Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]]

Erik hammerstrom at 15:39, 18 December 2011

2011-12-18T15:39:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:39, 18 December 2011
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	In [[1930]], Xióng got into a written debate with Wáng Ēnyáng and others over his ''Xīn wéishì lùn'', which the others felt was too Confucian. The two sides wrote tens of thousands of characters' worth of polemics. This disagreement only appeared to heighten the work's popularity and in [[1932]] ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' was finally published in classical Chinese. Xióng's work eventually attracted the attention of Ōuyáng Jiàn, Tàixū [[太虛]], Yìnshùn [[印順]], and others, who write their own criticisms of Xióng's synthesis of Buddhist and Confucian thought.		In [[1930]], Xióng got into a written debate with Wáng Ēnyáng and others over his ''Xīn wéishì lùn'', which the others felt was too Confucian. The two sides wrote tens of thousands of characters' worth of polemics. This disagreement only appeared to heighten the work's popularity and in [[1932]] ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' was finally published in classical Chinese. Xióng's work eventually attracted the attention of Ōuyáng Jiàn, Tàixū [[太虛]], Yìnshùn [[印順]], and others, who write their own criticisms of Xióng's synthesis of Buddhist and Confucian thought.

-	Between [[1934]] and [[1937]], Xióng published two volumes of his ''Shílì yǔyào'' 十力語要, as well as his ''Fójiā míngxiāng tōngshì'' 佛家名相通釋. In [[1937]], Xióng fled the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, first in his hometown, and then, in following year, to Sìchuān [[四川]]. There, he completed two more volumes of his ''Shílì yǔyào'', and revised the ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' into vernacular Chinese. The first and second volumes of this latter work came out in print in [[1940]], with the last volume coming out in [[1944]]. That same year, he and several others worked to established the Chinese Philosophy Institute 中國哲學研究所, for which Xióng served as director. Du to the war, the Institute ultimately did not get off the ground.	+	Between [[1934]] and [[1937]], Xióng published two volumes of his ''Shílì yǔyào'' 十力語要, as well as his ''Fójiā míngxiāng tōngshì'' 佛家名相通釋. In [[1937]], Xióng fled the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, first in his hometown, and then, in following year, to Sìchuān [[四川]]. There, he completed two more volumes of his ''Shílì yǔyào'', and revised the ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' into vernacular Chinese. The first and second volumes of this latter work came out in print in [[1940]], with the last volume coming out in [[1944]]. That same year, he and several others worked to established the Chinese Philosophy Institute 中國哲學研究所, for which Xióng served as director. Due to the war, the Institute ultimately did not get off the ground.

-	After the end of the war, Xióng taught at several schools, including in the Philosophy Department at Zhèjiāng University 浙江大學. After the establishment of the PRC in [1949]], he returned to Běijīng University to teach in the Philosophy Department. There he completed his ''Yuán rú'' 原儒, before retiring in 1954. After retirement he went to live with his son in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where he died in 1968 at the age of 84.	+	After the end of the war, Xióng taught at several schools, including in the Philosophy Department at Zhèjiāng University 浙江大學. After the establishment of the PRC in [[1949]], he returned to Běijīng University to teach in the Philosophy Department. There he completed his ''Yuán rú'' 原儒, before retiring in 1954. After retirement he went to live with his son in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where he died in 1968 at the age of 84.

	==Important Works==		==Important Works==

Greg at 02:56, 9 May 2011

2011-05-09T02:56:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:56, 9 May 2011
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	In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (though the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only [[唯識]] under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.		In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (though the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only [[唯識]] under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.

-	In [[1922]], Xióng was invited by Cài Yuánpéi 蔡元培 to come to Běijīng University to give a lecture series, which Xióng titled "Wéishì gàilùn 唯識概論 (An Outline of Consciousness-Only)." The following year he burned the notes for this lecture series and wrote ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), which would eventually become one of the most debated modern Chinese works on Consciousness-Only.	+	In [[1922]], Xióng was invited by Cài Yuánpéi [[蔡元培]] to come to Běijīng University to give a lecture series, which Xióng titled "Wéishì gàilùn 唯識概論 (An Outline of Consciousness-Only)." The following year he burned the notes for this lecture series and wrote ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), which would eventually become one of the most debated modern Chinese works on Consciousness-Only.

	Xióng taught briefly at a private academy in his hometown in [[1924]] before accepting a teaching position at the newly-renamed Wǔchāng University in the spring of the following year. This appointment did not last, however, and by that fall he had taken a teaching position at Běijīng University. There he became friends with Liáng Shùmíng 梁漱溟.		Xióng taught briefly at a private academy in his hometown in [[1924]] before accepting a teaching position at the newly-renamed Wǔchāng University in the spring of the following year. This appointment did not last, however, and by that fall he had taken a teaching position at Běijīng University. There he became friends with Liáng Shùmíng 梁漱溟.

Erik hammerstrom at 01:36, 31 December 2010

2010-12-31T01:36:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:36, 31 December 2010
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	Xióng became very pro-Hàn 漢 after reading ''Wáng Chuánshān yíjí'' 王船山遺集 (The Collected Writings of Wáng Chuánshān), and at age 18 ''suì'' 歲 (ca. [[1902]]) he and some other youths from his town went to Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to join the army. While in the army, the things he saw led him to become a supporter of revolution. To this end, in [[1904]] he and some friends started the Science Night School (''Kēxué bǔxí suǒ'' 科學補習所), which was dedicated to promoting the idea of revolution. Xióng continued to work for revolution, organizing among the soldiers and participating in a group of people from his hometown who supported revolution. He returned to Huánggāng to agitate for revolution, but returned to Wǔchāng in [[1911]] when the revolution began. After the revolution, he served in Wǔchāng's new government, then traveled to Guǎngzhōu [[廣州]] to assist Sun Yat-sen's nascent Nationalist government in [[1916]]. Xióng retired from the army in [[1917]] and taught at a middle school in Jiāngsū [[江蘇]] until [[1920]].		Xióng became very pro-Hàn 漢 after reading ''Wáng Chuánshān yíjí'' 王船山遺集 (The Collected Writings of Wáng Chuánshān), and at age 18 ''suì'' 歲 (ca. [[1902]]) he and some other youths from his town went to Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to join the army. While in the army, the things he saw led him to become a supporter of revolution. To this end, in [[1904]] he and some friends started the Science Night School (''Kēxué bǔxí suǒ'' 科學補習所), which was dedicated to promoting the idea of revolution. Xióng continued to work for revolution, organizing among the soldiers and participating in a group of people from his hometown who supported revolution. He returned to Huánggāng to agitate for revolution, but returned to Wǔchāng in [[1911]] when the revolution began. After the revolution, he served in Wǔchāng's new government, then traveled to Guǎngzhōu [[廣州]] to assist Sun Yat-sen's nascent Nationalist government in [[1916]]. Xióng retired from the army in [[1917]] and taught at a middle school in Jiāngsū [[江蘇]] until [[1920]].

-	In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (though the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.	+	In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (though the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only [[唯識]] under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.

	In [[1922]], Xióng was invited by Cài Yuánpéi 蔡元培 to come to Běijīng University to give a lecture series, which Xióng titled "Wéishì gàilùn 唯識概論 (An Outline of Consciousness-Only)." The following year he burned the notes for this lecture series and wrote ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), which would eventually become one of the most debated modern Chinese works on Consciousness-Only.		In [[1922]], Xióng was invited by Cài Yuánpéi 蔡元培 to come to Běijīng University to give a lecture series, which Xióng titled "Wéishì gàilùn 唯識概論 (An Outline of Consciousness-Only)." The following year he burned the notes for this lecture series and wrote ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), which would eventually become one of the most debated modern Chinese works on Consciousness-Only.

Erik hammerstrom: moved 熊十力 to Xiong Shili 熊十力: To match the new protocol

2010-03-31T13:58:20Z

moved 熊十力 to Xiong Shili 熊十力: To match the new protocol

← Older revision

Revision as of 13:58, 31 March 2010

Erik hammerstrom at 13:58, 31 March 2010

2010-03-31T13:58:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 31 March 2010
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	}}		}}

-	== Xióng Shílì 熊十力 (1885-1968) ==	+	'''Xióng Shílì 熊十力 (1885-1968)''' was the author of the controversial ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), Xióng was a philosopher and revolutionary of the late Qing and Republican periods. His thinking combined Confucianism and Buddhism.

-	Author of the controversial ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), Xióng was a philosopher and revolutionary of the late Qing and Republican periods. His thinking combined Confucianism and Buddhism.	+	==Biography==
-		+
-	~~'''~~Biography~~'''~~	+

	Xióng's father was a teacher in private academies and the whole family was fairly poor when he was young. His father started Xióng's education, but died when Xióng was still young. Xióng went to study in a school in another town, but due to his poverty he was forced to abandon his studies.		Xióng's father was a teacher in private academies and the whole family was fairly poor when he was young. His father started Xióng's education, but died when Xióng was still young. Xióng went to study in a school in another town, but due to his poverty he was forced to abandon his studies.
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	After the end of the war, Xióng taught at several schools, including in the Philosophy Department at Zhèjiāng University 浙江大學. After the establishment of the PRC in [1949]], he returned to Běijīng University to teach in the Philosophy Department. There he completed his ''Yuán rú'' 原儒, before retiring in 1954. After retirement he went to live with his son in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where he died in 1968 at the age of 84.		After the end of the war, Xióng taught at several schools, including in the Philosophy Department at Zhèjiāng University 浙江大學. After the establishment of the PRC in [1949]], he returned to Běijīng University to teach in the Philosophy Department. There he completed his ''Yuán rú'' 原儒, before retiring in 1954. After retirement he went to live with his son in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where he died in 1968 at the age of 84.

-	~~----~~	+	==Important Works==
-	~~'''~~Important Works~~'''~~	+
	* ''Dújīng shìyào'' 讀經示要		* ''Dújīng shìyào'' 讀經示要
	* ''Dú zhìlùn chāo'' 讀智論鈔		* ''Dú zhìlùn chāo'' 讀智論鈔
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	* ''Yuán rú'' 原儒		* ''Yuán rú'' 原儒

-	~~----~~	+	==Notes==
-	~~'''~~Notes~~'''~~	+

	<references/>		<references/>

-	~~----~~	+	==References==
-	~~'''~~References~~'''~~	+
	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.599-604.		* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.599-604.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 2.1442a-1444c.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 2.1442a-1444c.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Erik hammerstrom at 14:41, 13 February 2010

2010-02-13T14:41:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 13 February 2010
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	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	Xióng's father was a teacher in private academies and the whole family was fairly poor when he was young. His father started Xióng's education, but died when he was still young. Xióng went to study in a school in another town, but due to his poverty he was forced to abandon his studies.	+	Xióng's father was a teacher in private academies and the whole family was fairly poor when he was young. His father started Xióng's education, but died when Xióng was still young. Xióng went to study in a school in another town, but due to his poverty he was forced to abandon his studies.

-	Xióng became very pro-Hàn after reading ''Wáng Chuánshān yíjí'' 王船山遺集 (The Collected Writings of Wáng Chuánshān), and at age 18 ''suì'' 歲 (ca. [[1902]]), he and some other youths from his town went to Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to join the army. While in the army, the things he saw led him to become a supporter of revolution. To this end, in [[1904]] he and some friends started the Science Night School (''Kēxué bǔxí suǒ'' 科學補習所), which was dedicated to promoting the idea of revolution. Xióng continued to work for revolution, organizing among the soldiers and participating in a group of people from his hometown who supported revolution. He returned to Huánggāng to agitate for revolution, but returned to Wǔchāng in [[1911]] when the revolution began. After the revolution, he served in Wǔchāng's new government, then traveled to Guǎngzhōu [[廣州]] to assist Sun Yat-sen's nascent Nationalist government in [[1916]]. Xióng retired from the army in [[1917]] and taught at a middle school in Jiāngsū [[江蘇]] until [[1920]].	+	Xióng became very pro-Hàn 漢 after reading ''Wáng Chuánshān yíjí'' 王船山遺集 (The Collected Writings of Wáng Chuánshān), and at age 18 ''suì'' 歲 (ca. [[1902]]) he and some other youths from his town went to Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to join the army. While in the army, the things he saw led him to become a supporter of revolution. To this end, in [[1904]] he and some friends started the Science Night School (''Kēxué bǔxí suǒ'' 科學補習所), which was dedicated to promoting the idea of revolution. Xióng continued to work for revolution, organizing among the soldiers and participating in a group of people from his hometown who supported revolution. He returned to Huánggāng to agitate for revolution, but returned to Wǔchāng in [[1911]] when the revolution began. After the revolution, he served in Wǔchāng's new government, then traveled to Guǎngzhōu [[廣州]] to assist Sun Yat-sen's nascent Nationalist government in [[1916]]. Xióng retired from the army in [[1917]] and taught at a middle school in Jiāngsū [[江蘇]] until [[1920]].

	In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (though the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.		In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (though the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.
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	* ''Yīnmíng dàshūzhù'' 因明大疏註		* ''Yīnmíng dàshūzhù'' 因明大疏註
	* ''Yuán rú'' 原儒		* ''Yuán rú'' 原儒
-	~~----~~
-	~~'''Notable Students'''~~

	----		----

Greg: typo

2010-02-02T17:24:24Z

typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 2 February 2010
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	Xióng became very pro-Hàn after reading ''Wáng Chuánshān yíjí'' 王船山遺集 (The Collected Writings of Wáng Chuánshān), and at age 18 ''suì'' 歲 (ca. [[1902]]), he and some other youths from his town went to Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to join the army. While in the army, the things he saw led him to become a supporter of revolution. To this end, in [[1904]] he and some friends started the Science Night School (''Kēxué bǔxí suǒ'' 科學補習所), which was dedicated to promoting the idea of revolution. Xióng continued to work for revolution, organizing among the soldiers and participating in a group of people from his hometown who supported revolution. He returned to Huánggāng to agitate for revolution, but returned to Wǔchāng in [[1911]] when the revolution began. After the revolution, he served in Wǔchāng's new government, then traveled to Guǎngzhōu [[廣州]] to assist Sun Yat-sen's nascent Nationalist government in [[1916]]. Xióng retired from the army in [[1917]] and taught at a middle school in Jiāngsū [[江蘇]] until [[1920]].		Xióng became very pro-Hàn after reading ''Wáng Chuánshān yíjí'' 王船山遺集 (The Collected Writings of Wáng Chuánshān), and at age 18 ''suì'' 歲 (ca. [[1902]]), he and some other youths from his town went to Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to join the army. While in the army, the things he saw led him to become a supporter of revolution. To this end, in [[1904]] he and some friends started the Science Night School (''Kēxué bǔxí suǒ'' 科學補習所), which was dedicated to promoting the idea of revolution. Xióng continued to work for revolution, organizing among the soldiers and participating in a group of people from his hometown who supported revolution. He returned to Huánggāng to agitate for revolution, but returned to Wǔchāng in [[1911]] when the revolution began. After the revolution, he served in Wǔchāng's new government, then traveled to Guǎngzhōu [[廣州]] to assist Sun Yat-sen's nascent Nationalist government in [[1916]]. Xióng retired from the army in [[1917]] and taught at a middle school in Jiāngsū [[江蘇]] until [[1920]].

-	In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (~~thought~~ the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.	+	In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (though the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.

	In [[1922]], Xióng was invited by Cài Yuánpéi 蔡元培 to come to Běijīng University to give a lecture series, which Xióng titled "Wéishì gàilùn 唯識概論 (An Outline of Consciousness-Only)." The following year he burned the notes for this lecture series and wrote ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), which would eventually become one of the most debated modern Chinese works on Consciousness-Only.		In [[1922]], Xióng was invited by Cài Yuánpéi 蔡元培 to come to Běijīng University to give a lecture series, which Xióng titled "Wéishì gàilùn 唯識概論 (An Outline of Consciousness-Only)." The following year he burned the notes for this lecture series and wrote ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), which would eventually become one of the most debated modern Chinese works on Consciousness-Only.

Greg: changed image for infoxbox to smaller one

2010-01-15T16:05:41Z

changed image for infoxbox to smaller one

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 15 January 2010
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	\|* Style names 號: Shílì 十力, later "the Old Man of Qī Garden 漆園老人"		\|* Style names 號: Shílì 十力, later "the Old Man of Qī Garden 漆園老人"
	\|* Courtesy name 字: Zǐzhēn 子真		\|* Courtesy name 字: Zǐzhēn 子真
-	\|image=[[File:Xiong_Shili.jpg\|center\|Xióng Shílì]]	+	\|image=[[File:Xiong_Shili.jpg\|200px\|center\|Xióng Shílì]]
	\|birth=[[1885]] (Guāngxù 光緒 11) in Huánggāng Province 黃岡省, Húběi [[湖北]]		\|birth=[[1885]] (Guāngxù 光緒 11) in Huánggāng Province 黃岡省, Húběi [[湖北]]
	\|death=1968 in Shànghǎi [[上海]]		\|death=1968 in Shànghǎi [[上海]]

Erik hammerstrom at 16:48, 7 January 2010

2010-01-07T16:48:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:48, 7 January 2010
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	\|* Style names 號: Shílì 十力, later "the Old Man of Qī Garden 漆園老人"		\|* Style names 號: Shílì 十力, later "the Old Man of Qī Garden 漆園老人"
	\|* Courtesy name 字: Zǐzhēn 子真		\|* Courtesy name 字: Zǐzhēn 子真
-	\|image=[[File:~~XXX~~.jpg\|center\|~~NAME~~]]	+	\|image=[[File:Xiong_Shili.jpg\|center\|Xióng Shílì]]
	\|birth=[[1885]] (Guāngxù 光緒 11) in Huánggāng Province 黃岡省, Húběi [[湖北]]		\|birth=[[1885]] (Guāngxù 光緒 11) in Huánggāng Province 黃岡省, Húběi [[湖北]]
-	\|death=~~DATE and PLACE~~	+	\|death=1968 in Shànghǎi [[上海]]
	\|associates=Notable Associates:		\|associates=Notable Associates:
-	\|*	+	* Liáng Shùmíng 梁漱溟
		+	* Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]]
		+	* Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]]
		+	* Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]]
	\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom		\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom
	}}		}}
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	== Xióng Shílì 熊十力 (1885-1968) ==		== Xióng Shílì 熊十力 (1885-1968) ==

-	Author of the ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), Xióng was a philosopher and revolutionary of the late Qing and Republican periods. His thinking combined Confucianism and Buddhism.	+	Author of the controversial ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), Xióng was a philosopher and revolutionary of the late Qing and Republican periods. His thinking combined Confucianism and Buddhism.

	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	Xióng's father was a teacher in private academies and ~~Xióng's~~ family was fairly poor when he was young. His father started Xióng's ~~educated~~, but died when he was still young. Xióng went to study in a school in another town, but due to his poverty he was forced to ~~stop~~ his studies.	+	Xióng's father was a teacher in private academies and the whole family was fairly poor when he was young. His father started Xióng's education, but died when he was still young. Xióng went to study in a school in another town, but due to his poverty he was forced to abandon his studies.

-	Xióng became very pro-Hàn after reading ''Wáng Chuánshān yíjí'' 王船山遺集 (The Collected Writings of Wáng Chuánshān), and at age 18 ''suì'' 歲 (ca. [[1902]]), he and some other youths from his town went to Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to join the army. While in the army, the things he saw led him to become a supporter of revolution. To this end, in [[1904]], he and some friends started the Science Night School (''Kēxué bǔxí suǒ'' 科學補習所), which was dedicated to promoting the idea of revolution. Xióng continued to work for revolution, organizing among the ~~military~~ and participating in a group of people from his hometown who supported revolution. He returned to Huánggāng to agitate for revolution, but returned to Wǔchāng in [[1911]] when the revolution began. After the revolution, he served in Wǔchāng's new government, then traveled to Guǎngzhōu [[廣州]] to assist Sun Yat-sen's nascent Nationalist government in [[1916]].	+	Xióng became very pro-Hàn after reading ''Wáng Chuánshān yíjí'' 王船山遺集 (The Collected Writings of Wáng Chuánshān), and at age 18 ''suì'' 歲 (ca. [[1902]]), he and some other youths from his town went to Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to join the army. While in the army, the things he saw led him to become a supporter of revolution. To this end, in [[1904]] he and some friends started the Science Night School (''Kēxué bǔxí suǒ'' 科學補習所), which was dedicated to promoting the idea of revolution. Xióng continued to work for revolution, organizing among the soldiers and participating in a group of people from his hometown who supported revolution. He returned to Huánggāng to agitate for revolution, but returned to Wǔchāng in [[1911]] when the revolution began. After the revolution, he served in Wǔchāng's new government, then traveled to Guǎngzhōu [[廣州]] to assist Sun Yat-sen's nascent Nationalist government in [[1916]]. Xióng retired from the army in [[1917]] and taught at a middle school in Jiāngsū [[江蘇]] until [[1920]].

		+	In August of [[1920]], Xióng became a student at the nascent Chinese Inner Studies Institute [[支那內學院]] run by Ōuyáng Jiàn [[歐陽漸]] in Nánjīng [[南京]] (thought the school did not officially open until [[1922]]). There, he studied Consciousness-Only under Ōuyáng with Lǚ Chéng [[呂澂]], Wáng Ēnyáng [[王恩洋]], and others.
		+
		+	In [[1922]], Xióng was invited by Cài Yuánpéi 蔡元培 to come to Běijīng University to give a lecture series, which Xióng titled "Wéishì gàilùn 唯識概論 (An Outline of Consciousness-Only)." The following year he burned the notes for this lecture series and wrote ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only), which would eventually become one of the most debated modern Chinese works on Consciousness-Only.
		+
		+	Xióng taught briefly at a private academy in his hometown in [[1924]] before accepting a teaching position at the newly-renamed Wǔchāng University in the spring of the following year. This appointment did not last, however, and by that fall he had taken a teaching position at Běijīng University. There he became friends with Liáng Shùmíng 梁漱溟.
		+
		+	In [[1930]], Xióng got into a written debate with Wáng Ēnyáng and others over his ''Xīn wéishì lùn'', which the others felt was too Confucian. The two sides wrote tens of thousands of characters' worth of polemics. This disagreement only appeared to heighten the work's popularity and in [[1932]] ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' was finally published in classical Chinese. Xióng's work eventually attracted the attention of Ōuyáng Jiàn, Tàixū [[太虛]], Yìnshùn [[印順]], and others, who write their own criticisms of Xióng's synthesis of Buddhist and Confucian thought.
		+
		+	Between [[1934]] and [[1937]], Xióng published two volumes of his ''Shílì yǔyào'' 十力語要, as well as his ''Fójiā míngxiāng tōngshì'' 佛家名相通釋. In [[1937]], Xióng fled the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, first in his hometown, and then, in following year, to Sìchuān [[四川]]. There, he completed two more volumes of his ''Shílì yǔyào'', and revised the ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' into vernacular Chinese. The first and second volumes of this latter work came out in print in [[1940]], with the last volume coming out in [[1944]]. That same year, he and several others worked to established the Chinese Philosophy Institute 中國哲學研究所, for which Xióng served as director. Du to the war, the Institute ultimately did not get off the ground.
		+
		+	After the end of the war, Xióng taught at several schools, including in the Philosophy Department at Zhèjiāng University 浙江大學. After the establishment of the PRC in [1949]], he returned to Běijīng University to teach in the Philosophy Department. There he completed his ''Yuán rú'' 原儒, before retiring in 1954. After retirement he went to live with his son in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where he died in 1968 at the age of 84.

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	'''Important Works'''		'''Important Works'''
-		+	* ''Dújīng shìyào'' 讀經示要
		+	* ''Dú zhìlùn chāo'' 讀智論鈔
		+	* ''Fójiā míngxiāng tōngshì'' 佛家名相通釋
		+	* ''Jìngxiāng zhāng'' 境相章
		+	* ''Míngxīn piān'' 明心篇
		+	* ''Tǐyòng lùn'' 體用論
		+	* ''Shílì yǔyào'' 十力語要
		+	* ''Xīn wéishì lùn'' [[新唯識論]] (A New Treatise on Consciousness-Only)
		+	* ''Yīnmíng dàshūzhù'' 因明大疏註
		+	* ''Yuán rú'' 原儒
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	'''Notable Students'''		'''Notable Students'''
Line 35:		Line 58:

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-	'''References:'''	+	'''References'''
-		+
	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.599-604.		* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.599-604.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 2.1442a-1444c.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 2.1442a-1444c.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]