Wang Hongyuan 王弘願 - Revision history

Greg: fixed a major formatting error in the biography template info

2010-06-29T15:13:57Z

fixed a major formatting error in the biography template info

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:13, 29 June 2010
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	\|<div style="font-size:120%">'''Wáng Hóngyuàn 王弘願 (1876-1937)'''</div>		\|<div style="font-size:120%">'''Wáng Hóngyuàn 王弘願 (1876-1937)'''</div>
	<div style="font-size:90%">Courtesy name: Shīyù 師愈</div>		<div style="font-size:90%">Courtesy name: Shīyù 師愈</div>
-	<div style="font-size:90%">Style name 號: Layman Yuánwǔ 圓五居士<div>	+	<div style="font-size:90%">Style name 號: Layman Yuánwǔ 圓五居士</div>
-	<div style="font-size:90%">Dharma name 法名: Hóngyuàn 弘願<div>	+	<div style="font-size:90%">Dharma name 法名: Hóngyuàn 弘願</div>
	\|- style="background:white; color:black"		\|- style="background:white; color:black"
	\|- style="font-size:90%"		\|- style="font-size:90%"

Erik hammerstrom at 16:47, 24 April 2010

2010-04-24T16:47:28Z

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	\|- style="font-size:90%"		\|- style="font-size:90%"
	\|Notable Associates:		\|Notable Associates:
-	*	+	* Yíguāng [[怡光]]
	\|- style="font-size:90%"		\|- style="font-size:90%"
	\|{{Editor\|name=Erik Hammerstrom}}		\|{{Editor\|name=Erik Hammerstrom}}
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	When young, Wáng received a traditional Confucian education. He received his ''Xiùcái'' 秀才 degree when he was 23 ([[1899]]). He taught at the Cháozhōu Middle School 潮州中學堂 for eight years, becoming principal after the founding of the Republic, though he left this position soon thereafter. He eventually returned to Cháozhōu Middle School to teach.		When young, Wáng received a traditional Confucian education. He received his ''Xiùcái'' 秀才 degree when he was 23 ([[1899]]). He taught at the Cháozhōu Middle School 潮州中學堂 for eight years, becoming principal after the founding of the Republic, though he left this position soon thereafter. He eventually returned to Cháozhōu Middle School to teach.

-	At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.	+	At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng [[怡光]] of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.

	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of ''Mikkyō kōyō'' 密教綱要, a work by the Japanese Shingon 真言 master Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]]. Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, and in May, [[1924]] Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ''Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).		In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of ''Mikkyō kōyō'' 密教綱要, a work by the Japanese Shingon 真言 master Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]]. Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, and in May, [[1924]] Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ''Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).

Erik hammerstrom at 01:24, 9 April 2010

2010-04-09T01:24:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:24, 9 April 2010
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	* 圓五居士文集，詩集		* 圓五居士文集，詩集

-	==~~Notable Students~~==	+	==Primary Disciples==
		+	* 馮達庵
		+	* 王福慧 (Wáng’s son)
		+	* 王學智
		+	* 汪彥平

	==Notes==		==Notes==
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	==References==		==References==
		+	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 159c-162b.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 159c-162b.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Erik hammerstrom at 13:12, 1 April 2010

2010-04-01T13:12:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 1 April 2010
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	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of ''Mikkyō kōyō'' 密教綱要, a work by the Japanese Shingon 真言 master Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]]. Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, and in May, [[1924]] Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ''Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).		In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of ''Mikkyō kōyō'' 密教綱要, a work by the Japanese Shingon 真言 master Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]]. Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, and in May, [[1924]] Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ''Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).
-
-	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to allow. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists could give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. The negative reaction of Chinese monastics towards Wáng's work can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>

	In [[1926]], Wáng traveled to Japan and became a 49th-generation ''Ācārya'' 阿闍梨 (or teacher) in the Shingon school. Upon his return to China, he gave esoteric initiation to thousands in Cháozhōu, Guǎngzhōu 廣州, Hong Kong, and Shàntóu 汕頭.		In [[1926]], Wáng traveled to Japan and became a 49th-generation ''Ācārya'' 阿闍梨 (or teacher) in the Shingon school. Upon his return to China, he gave esoteric initiation to thousands in Cháozhōu, Guǎngzhōu 廣州, Hong Kong, and Shàntóu 汕頭.

-	~~He became much less active after~~ [[~~1931~~]].	+	In [[1928]], he began giving ''abiṣeka'' in the dilapidated northern hall of Liùróng Temple 六榕寺 in Guǎngzhōu. In [[1930]] he and his followers began work on the Jiěxíng Hermitage 解行精舍, which was completed in [[1932]]. The Hermitage was used by Tiěchán 鐵禪, Zhào Shìjìn 趙士覲, Hú Yìshēng 胡毅生, Hú Hànmín 胡漢民, and Féng Dáàn 馮達庵.<ref>[http://www.guhyayana.cn/flies%28gb%29/jiexingjingshe.htm]</ref>
		+
		+	In [[1933]], Wáng published the piece 佛教解行特刊序, in which he laid out some of his main ideas about esoteric Buddhism. It was because of this that Wáng came into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to allow. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists could give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. The negative reaction of Chinese monastics towards Wáng's work can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>

	==Important Works==		==Important Works==

Erik hammerstrom: moved 王弘願 to Wang Hongyuan 王弘願

2010-03-31T01:45:37Z

moved 王弘願 to Wang Hongyuan 王弘願

← Older revision

Revision as of 01:45, 31 March 2010

Erik hammerstrom at 01:45, 31 March 2010

2010-03-31T01:45:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:45, 31 March 2010
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	\|}		\|}

-	== Wáng Hóngyuàn 王弘願 (1876-1937) ==	+	'''Wáng Hóngyuàn 王弘願 (1876-1937)''' was a lay Buddhist of the Republican period, and an important, but highly controversial, proponent of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism [[東密]].

-	~~A lay Buddhist of the Republican period, and an important, but highly controversial, proponent of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism [[東密]].~~	+	==Biography==
-		+
-	~~'''~~Biography~~'''~~	+

	When young, Wáng received a traditional Confucian education. He received his ''Xiùcái'' 秀才 degree when he was 23 ([[1899]]). He taught at the Cháozhōu Middle School 潮州中學堂 for eight years, becoming principal after the founding of the Republic, though he left this position soon thereafter. He eventually returned to Cháozhōu Middle School to teach.		When young, Wáng received a traditional Confucian education. He received his ''Xiùcái'' 秀才 degree when he was 23 ([[1899]]). He taught at the Cháozhōu Middle School 潮州中學堂 for eight years, becoming principal after the founding of the Republic, though he left this position soon thereafter. He eventually returned to Cháozhōu Middle School to teach.
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	At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.		At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.

-	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by the Japanese Shingon 真言 master Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]]. Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, and in May, [[1924]] Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ~~‘’Jìnggào~~ hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).	+	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of ''Mikkyō kōyō'' 密教綱要, a work by the Japanese Shingon 真言 master Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]]. Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, and in May, [[1924]] Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ''Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).

	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to allow. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists could give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. The negative reaction of Chinese monastics towards Wáng's work can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>		It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to allow. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists could give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. The negative reaction of Chinese monastics towards Wáng's work can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>
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	He became much less active after [[1931]].		He became much less active after [[1931]].

-	~~----~~	+	==Important Works==
-	~~'''~~Important Works~~'''~~	+
	* 大日經疏		* 大日經疏
	* 佛教解行特刊序		* 佛教解行特刊序
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	* 圓五居士文集，詩集		* 圓五居士文集，詩集

-	~~----~~	+	==Notable Students==
-	~~'''~~Notable Students~~'''~~	+

-	~~----~~	+	==Notes==
-	~~'''~~Notes~~'''~~	+

	<references/>		<references/>
-	~~----~~
-	~~'''References:'''~~

		+	==References==
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 159c-162b.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 159c-162b.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Erik hammerstrom at 15:49, 14 February 2010

2010-02-14T15:49:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 14 February 2010
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	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	When young, he received a traditional Confucian education. He received ~~the~~ Xiùcái 秀才 degree when he was 23 ([[1899]]). He taught at the Cháozhōu Middle School 潮州中學堂 for eight years, becoming ~~principle~~ after the founding of the Republic, though he left this position soon thereafter. He eventually returned to Cháozhōu Middle School to teach.	+	When young, Wáng received a traditional Confucian education. He received his ''Xiùcái'' 秀才 degree when he was 23 ([[1899]]). He taught at the Cháozhōu Middle School 潮州中學堂 for eight years, becoming principal after the founding of the Republic, though he left this position soon thereafter. He eventually returned to Cháozhōu Middle School to teach.

	At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.		At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.

-	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by a Japanese Shingon 真言 ~~priest,~~ Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]] ~~(1846-1934)~~. Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, in in May, [[1924]], Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ‘’Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).	+	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by the Japanese Shingon 真言 master Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]]. Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, and in May, [[1924]] Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ‘’Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).

-	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to ~~imply~~. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists ~~can~~ give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. ~~Their criticisms~~ can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>	+	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to allow. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists could give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. The negative reaction of Chinese monastics towards Wáng's work can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>

	In [[1926]], Wáng traveled to Japan and became a 49th-generation ''Ācārya'' 阿闍梨 (or teacher) in the Shingon school. Upon his return to China, he gave esoteric initiation to thousands in Cháozhōu, Guǎngzhōu 廣州, Hong Kong, and Shàntóu 汕頭.		In [[1926]], Wáng traveled to Japan and became a 49th-generation ''Ācārya'' 阿闍梨 (or teacher) in the Shingon school. Upon his return to China, he gave esoteric initiation to thousands in Cháozhōu, Guǎngzhōu 廣州, Hong Kong, and Shàntóu 汕頭.
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	* 佛教解行特刊序		* 佛教解行特刊序
	* 金剛頂經義訣		* 金剛頂經義訣
-	* ~~‘’Jìnggào~~ hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China)	+	* ''Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China)
	* ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School)		* ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School)
	* 圓五居士文集，詩集		* 圓五居士文集，詩集

Erik hammerstrom at 22:30, 29 December 2009

2009-12-29T22:30:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:30, 29 December 2009
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	At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.		At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.

-	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by a Japanese Shingon 真言 priest, Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]] (1846-1934). Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, in in ~~June~~, [[1924]], Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ‘’Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).	+	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by a Japanese Shingon 真言 priest, Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]] (1846-1934). Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, in in May, [[1924]], Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ‘’Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).

	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to imply. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists can give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. Their criticisms can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>		It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to imply. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists can give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. Their criticisms can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>

Erik hammerstrom at 14:41, 29 December 2009

2009-12-29T14:41:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 29 December 2009
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	\|<div style="font-size:120%">'''Wáng Hóngyuàn 王弘願 (1876-1937)'''</div>		\|<div style="font-size:120%">'''Wáng Hóngyuàn 王弘願 (1876-1937)'''</div>
	<div style="font-size:90%">Courtesy name: Shīyù 師愈</div>		<div style="font-size:90%">Courtesy name: Shīyù 師愈</div>
		+	<div style="font-size:90%">Style name 號: Layman Yuánwǔ 圓五居士<div>
		+	<div style="font-size:90%">Dharma name 法名: Hóngyuàn 弘願<div>
	\|- style="background:white; color:black"		\|- style="background:white; color:black"
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	A lay Buddhist of the Republican period, and an important, but highly controversial, proponent of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism [[東密]].		A lay Buddhist of the Republican period, and an important, but highly controversial, proponent of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism [[東密]].
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-	* Style name 號: Layman Yuánwǔ 圓五居士
-	* Courtesy name 字: Mùhán 慕韓
-	* Dharma name 法名: Hóngyuàn 弘願

	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	When young, he received a traditional Confucian education. He received the Xiùcái 秀才 degree when he was 23 ([[1899]]). He taught at the Cháozhōu Middle School 潮州中學堂 for eight years, becoming principle after the founding of the Republic, though he left this position soon thereafter. He eventually returned to ~~the~~ Cháozhōu Middle School to teach.	+	When young, he received a traditional Confucian education. He received the Xiùcái 秀才 degree when he was 23 ([[1899]]). He taught at the Cháozhōu Middle School 潮州中學堂 for eight years, becoming principle after the founding of the Republic, though he left this position soon thereafter. He eventually returned to Cháozhōu Middle School to teach.

-	At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, ~~and he began~~ with the Huáyán Sūtra 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 at Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.	+	At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, starting with the ''Huáyán Sūtra'' 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 of Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.

-	In [[1921]] Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]] (1846-1934). Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, in in June, [[1924]], Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ‘’Jìnggào ~~hǎnèi~~ fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).	+	In [[1921]], Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by a Japanese Shingon 真言 priest, Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]] (1846-1934). Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, in in June, [[1924]], Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit their brand of Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ‘’Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).

-	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to imply. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists can give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]]. ~~The~~ criticisms can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>	+	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to imply. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists can give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]], for his de-emphasis of the Buddhist precepts. Their criticisms can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>

-	In 1926, Wáng traveled to Japan and became a 49th-generation Ācārya 阿闍梨 (or teacher) in the Shingon ~~[[真言]]~~ school. Upon his return to China, he gave esoteric initiation to thousands in Cháozhōu, Guǎngzhōu 廣州, Hong Kong, and Shàntóu 汕頭.	+	In [[1926]], Wáng traveled to Japan and became a 49th-generation ''Ācārya'' 阿闍梨 (or teacher) in the Shingon school. Upon his return to China, he gave esoteric initiation to thousands in Cháozhōu, Guǎngzhōu 廣州, Hong Kong, and Shàntóu 汕頭.

	He became much less active after [[1931]].		He became much less active after [[1931]].
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	* 佛教解行特刊序		* 佛教解行特刊序
	* 金剛頂經義訣		* 金剛頂經義訣
-	* ‘’Jìnggào ~~hǎnèi~~ fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China)	+	* ‘’Jìnggào hǎinèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China)
	* ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School)		* ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School)
	* 圓五居士文集，詩集		* 圓五居士文集，詩集
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	<references/>		<references/>
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	----		----
	'''References:'''		'''References:'''

Erik hammerstrom at 23:21, 28 December 2009

2009-12-28T23:21:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:21, 28 December 2009
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	At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, and he began with the Huáyán Sūtra 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 at Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.		At age 40, Wáng began to read about Buddhism, and he began with the Huáyán Sūtra 華嚴經. He was unable to understand it, so he began to study under Yíguāng 怡光 at Kāiyuán Temple [[開元寺]] with whom he developed a strong friendship.

-	In [[1921]] Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by ~~Gonda　Raifu~~ [[權田雷斧]] (1846-1934). Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, in in June, [[1924]], Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ‘’Jìnggào hǎnèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).	+	In [[1921]] Wáng published his most famous work, ''Mìzōng gāngyào'' 密宗綱要 (Essentials of the Esoteric School), which was a translation of a work by Gonda Raifu [[權田雷斧]] (1846-1934). Wáng's work attracted Gonda's attention, in in June, [[1924]], Gonda and several of his colleagues came to Kāiyuán Temple in Cháozhōu to transmit Esoteric Buddhism. Wáng received both of the two levels of ''abiṣeka'' 灌頂, or esoteric initiation, at that time. For this occasion he wrote ‘’Jìnggào hǎnèi fóxuéjiā shū'' 敬告海內佛學家書 (Letter of Proclamation to all the Buddhist Scholars in China).

-	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to imply. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists can give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]].	+	It was at this time that Wáng began to come into conflict with Tàixū [[太虛]], who was critical of the lifestyles led by Japanese Buddhist priests, and the loose behavioral standards that esoteric Buddhism seemed to imply. Tàixū was especially nonplussed by Wáng's assertion that lay Buddhists can give ''abiṣeka'' to ordained Buddhists. Wáng also attracted the criticisms of many other Buddhists at the time, such as Fǎfǎng [[法舫]], and Yìnguāng [[印光]]. The criticisms can also be seen in how Wáng is treated by the historian of modern Chinese Buddhism, Shì Dōngchū [[東初]].<ref>{{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.</ref>

	In 1926, Wáng traveled to Japan and became a 49th-generation Ācārya 阿闍梨 (or teacher) in the Shingon [[真言]] school. Upon his return to China, he gave esoteric initiation to thousands in Cháozhōu, Guǎngzhōu 廣州, Hong Kong, and Shàntóu 汕頭.		In 1926, Wáng traveled to Japan and became a 49th-generation Ācārya 阿闍梨 (or teacher) in the Shingon [[真言]] school. Upon his return to China, he gave esoteric initiation to thousands in Cháozhōu, Guǎngzhōu 廣州, Hong Kong, and Shàntóu 汕頭.
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	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 159c-162b.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 159c-162b.
-	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 426-433.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]