Taiyuan 台源 - Revision history

Erik hammerstrom at 13:16, 22 June 2010

2010-06-22T13:16:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:16, 22 June 2010
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	As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.		As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.

-	Táiyuán's job at the charity was short lived, and with the help of one Zhāng Jǐngnán 張景南, he met and took tonsure and ordination under Tánxū [[倓虛]] at Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]] in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] in [[1924]]. When conflicts arose between Táiyuán and Dìngxī 定西 (another monk at Jílè Temple) later that year, Tánxū invited Táiyuán to come to Běijīng [[北京]] to run the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] that he was in the process of establishing at the Mǐlè yuàn 彌勒院. Within a short time, the layman Yáng Yǔtíng 楊宇霆 helped Táiyuán become abbot of ~~Bólín~~ Temple [[柏林寺]].	+	Táiyuán's job at the charity was short lived, and with the help of one Zhāng Jǐngnán 張景南, he met and took tonsure and ordination under Tánxū [[倓虛]] at Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]] in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] in [[1924]]. When conflicts arose between Táiyuán and Dìngxī 定西 (another monk at Jílè Temple) later that year, Tánxū invited Táiyuán to come to Běijīng [[北京]] to run the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] that he was in the process of establishing at the Mǐlè yuàn 彌勒院. Within a short time, the layman Yáng Yǔtíng 楊宇霆 helped Táiyuán become abbot of Bǎilín Temple [[柏林寺]].

-	In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the ~~Bólín~~ Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after the summer Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the ~~Bólín~~ Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].	+	In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the Bǎiín Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after the summer Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the Bǎilín Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].

	In April [[1931]], Táiyuán was elected to be a representative at the third meeting of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]]. In [[1932]], Táiyuán fled the growing instability caused in the north by the incursion of Japanese forces and headed to Jiāngsū [[江蘇]]. In [[1937]], as the situation in eastern China deteriorated, Táiyuán fled to Chóngqìng [[重慶]]. There he took up residence at Lóngxīng Temple 隆興寺 with the help of Nénghǎi [[能海]], under whom he began to study Esoteric Buddhism [[密教]]. In May of [[1940]], Nénghǎi traveled to Tibet to study Tibetan esoteric Buddhism [[西密]] and transmitted to dharma to Táiyuán before he left.		In April [[1931]], Táiyuán was elected to be a representative at the third meeting of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]]. In [[1932]], Táiyuán fled the growing instability caused in the north by the incursion of Japanese forces and headed to Jiāngsū [[江蘇]]. In [[1937]], as the situation in eastern China deteriorated, Táiyuán fled to Chóngqìng [[重慶]]. There he took up residence at Lóngxīng Temple 隆興寺 with the help of Nénghǎi [[能海]], under whom he began to study Esoteric Buddhism [[密教]]. In May of [[1940]], Nénghǎi traveled to Tibet to study Tibetan esoteric Buddhism [[西密]] and transmitted to dharma to Táiyuán before he left.

Erik hammerstrom at 12:31, 22 June 2010

2010-06-22T12:31:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 22 June 2010
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	As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.		As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.

-	Táiyuán's job at the charity was short lived, and with the help of one Zhāng Jǐngnán 張景南, he met and took tonsure and ordination under Tánxū [[倓虛]] at Jílè Temple 極樂寺 in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] in [[1924]]. When conflicts arose between Táiyuán and Dìngxī 定西 (another monk at Jílè Temple) later that year, Tánxū invited Táiyuán to come to Běijīng [[北京]] to run the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] that he was in the process of establishing at the Mǐlè yuàn 彌勒院. Within a short time, the layman Yáng Yǔtíng 楊宇霆 helped Táiyuán become abbot of Bólín Temple [[柏林寺]].	+	Táiyuán's job at the charity was short lived, and with the help of one Zhāng Jǐngnán 張景南, he met and took tonsure and ordination under Tánxū [[倓虛]] at Jílè Temple [[極樂寺]] in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] in [[1924]]. When conflicts arose between Táiyuán and Dìngxī 定西 (another monk at Jílè Temple) later that year, Tánxū invited Táiyuán to come to Běijīng [[北京]] to run the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] that he was in the process of establishing at the Mǐlè yuàn 彌勒院. Within a short time, the layman Yáng Yǔtíng 楊宇霆 helped Táiyuán become abbot of Bólín Temple [[柏林寺]].

	In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the Bólín Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after the summer Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the Bólín Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].		In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the Bólín Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after the summer Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the Bólín Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].

Erik hammerstrom: moved 台源 to Taiyuan 台源: To accord with new protocol

2010-03-30T13:56:03Z

moved 台源 to Taiyuan 台源: To accord with new protocol

← Older revision

Revision as of 13:56, 30 March 2010

Erik hammerstrom at 13:55, 30 March 2010

2010-03-30T13:55:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:55, 30 March 2010
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	}}		}}

-	== Táiyuán 台源 (18?? - 1941) ==	+	'''Táiyuán 台源 (18?? - 1941)''' was a monk from northeastern China who was active in Běijīng [[北京]] in the 1920s. He turned to Esoteric Buddhism near the end of his life.

-	~~A monk from northeastern China who was active in Běijīng [[北京]] in the 1920s. He turned to Esoteric Buddhism near the end of his life.~~	+	==Biography==
-		+
-	~~'''~~Biography~~'''~~	+

	As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.		As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.
Line 34:		Line 32:
	In the spring of [[1941]], Táiyuán presided over an ordination ceremony at Jìncí Temple 近慈寺. He died in the fall of that year.		In the spring of [[1941]], Táiyuán presided over an ordination ceremony at Jìncí Temple 近慈寺. He died in the fall of that year.

-	~~----~~	+	==Important Works==
-	~~'''~~Important Works~~'''~~	+

-	~~----~~	+	==Notable Students==
-	~~'''~~Notable Students~~'''~~	+

-	~~----~~	+	==Notes==
-	~~'''~~Notes~~'''~~	+

	<references/>		<references/>

-	~~----~~	+	==References==
-	~~'''~~References~~:'''~~	+
	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.843-844.		* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.843-844.
	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.200c-202c.		* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.200c-202c.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Erik hammerstrom at 15:57, 27 January 2010

2010-01-27T15:57:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:57, 27 January 2010
Line 24:		Line 24:
	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán ~~eventually~~ became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.	+	As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.

-	Táiyuán's job at the charity was short lived, and with the help of one Zhāng ~~Jǐngnān~~ 張景南, he met and took tonsure and ordination under Tánxū [[倓虛]] at Jílè Temple 極樂寺 in ~~Hāěrbīn~~ [[哈爾濱]] in [[1924]]. When conflicts arose between Táiyuán and Dìngxī 定西 (another monk at Jílè Temple) later that year, Tánxū invited Táiyuán to come to Běijīng [[北京]] to run the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] that he was in the process of establishing at the Mǐlè yuàn 彌勒院. Within a short time, the layman Yáng Yǔtíng 楊宇霆 helped Táiyuán become abbot of Bólín Temple [[柏林寺]].	+	Táiyuán's job at the charity was short lived, and with the help of one Zhāng Jǐngnán 張景南, he met and took tonsure and ordination under Tánxū [[倓虛]] at Jílè Temple 極樂寺 in Harbin [[哈爾濱]] in [[1924]]. When conflicts arose between Táiyuán and Dìngxī 定西 (another monk at Jílè Temple) later that year, Tánxū invited Táiyuán to come to Běijīng [[北京]] to run the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] that he was in the process of establishing at the Mǐlè yuàn 彌勒院. Within a short time, the layman Yáng Yǔtíng 楊宇霆 helped Táiyuán become abbot of Bólín Temple [[柏林寺]].

-	In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the Bólín Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after ~~a visit that~~ summer, Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the Bólín Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and ~~early~~ guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].	+	In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the Bólín Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after the summer Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the Bólín Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].

-	In April [[1931]], Táiyuán was elected to be a representative at the third meeting of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]]. In [[1932]], Táiyuán fled growing instability caused by the incursion of Japanese forces ~~in the north by heading for~~ Jiāngsū [[江蘇]]. In [[1937]], as the situation in ~~Eastern~~ China deteriorated, Táiyuán fled to Chóngqìng [[重慶]]. There he took up residence at Lóngxīng Temple 隆興寺 with the help of Nénghǎi [[能海]], under whom he began to study Esoteric Buddhism [[密教]]. In May of [[1940]], Nénghǎi traveled to Tibet to study Tibetan esoteric Buddhism [[西密]] and transmitted to dharma to Táiyuán before he left.	+	In April [[1931]], Táiyuán was elected to be a representative at the third meeting of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]]. In [[1932]], Táiyuán fled the growing instability caused in the north by the incursion of Japanese forces and headed to Jiāngsū [[江蘇]]. In [[1937]], as the situation in eastern China deteriorated, Táiyuán fled to Chóngqìng [[重慶]]. There he took up residence at Lóngxīng Temple 隆興寺 with the help of Nénghǎi [[能海]], under whom he began to study Esoteric Buddhism [[密教]]. In May of [[1940]], Nénghǎi traveled to Tibet to study Tibetan esoteric Buddhism [[西密]] and transmitted to dharma to Táiyuán before he left.

	In the spring of [[1941]], Táiyuán presided over an ordination ceremony at Jìncí Temple 近慈寺. He died in the fall of that year.		In the spring of [[1941]], Táiyuán presided over an ordination ceremony at Jìncí Temple 近慈寺. He died in the fall of that year.

Greg: fixed typo

2010-01-11T00:05:01Z

fixed typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:05, 11 January 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Bio_infobox		{{Bio_infobox
-	\|name-date=Táiyuán 台源 (d.1941)	+	\|name-date=Táiyuán 台源 (18?? - 1941)
	\|names=* Lay Surname 姓: Zhāng 張		\|names=* Lay Surname 姓: Zhāng 張
	* Name 名: Jièchén 介臣		* Name 名: Jièchén 介臣
Line 18:		Line 18:
	}}		}}

-	== Táiyuán 台源 (d.1941) ==	+	== Táiyuán 台源 (18?? - 1941) ==

	A monk from northeastern China who was active in Běijīng [[北京]] in the 1920s. He turned to Esoteric Buddhism near the end of his life.		A monk from northeastern China who was active in Běijīng [[北京]] in the 1920s. He turned to Esoteric Buddhism near the end of his life.
Line 30:		Line 30:
	In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the Bólín Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after a visit that summer, Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the Bólín Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and early guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].		In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the Bólín Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after a visit that summer, Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the Bólín Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and early guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].

-	In April [[1931]], Táiyuán was elected to be a representative at the third meeting of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]]. In [[1932]], Táiyuán fled growing instability caused by the incursion of Japanese forces in the north by heading for ~~Jiang1su1~~ [[江蘇]]. In [[1937]], as the situation in Eastern China deteriorated, Táiyuán fled to Chóngqìng [[重慶]]. There he took up residence at Lóngxīng Temple 隆興寺 with the help of Nénghǎi [[能海]], under whom he began to study Esoteric Buddhism [[密教]]. In May of [[1940]], Nénghǎi traveled to Tibet to study Tibetan esoteric Buddhism [[西密]] and transmitted to dharma to Táiyuán before he left.	+	In April [[1931]], Táiyuán was elected to be a representative at the third meeting of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]]. In [[1932]], Táiyuán fled growing instability caused by the incursion of Japanese forces in the north by heading for Jiāngsū [[江蘇]]. In [[1937]], as the situation in Eastern China deteriorated, Táiyuán fled to Chóngqìng [[重慶]]. There he took up residence at Lóngxīng Temple 隆興寺 with the help of Nénghǎi [[能海]], under whom he began to study Esoteric Buddhism [[密教]]. In May of [[1940]], Nénghǎi traveled to Tibet to study Tibetan esoteric Buddhism [[西密]] and transmitted to dharma to Táiyuán before he left.

	In the spring of [[1941]], Táiyuán presided over an ordination ceremony at Jìncí Temple 近慈寺. He died in the fall of that year.		In the spring of [[1941]], Táiyuán presided over an ordination ceremony at Jìncí Temple 近慈寺. He died in the fall of that year.

Erik hammerstrom: Created page with '{{Bio_infobox |name-date=Táiyuán 台源 (d.1941) |names=* Lay Surname 姓: Zhāng 張 * Name 名: Jièchén 介臣 * Dharma name 法名: Néngbǎo 能寶 |image= |birth=18?? in...'

2010-01-10T23:22:15Z

Created page with '{{Bio_infobox |name-date=Táiyuán 台源 (d.1941) |names=* Lay Surname 姓: Zhāng 張 * Name 名: Jièchén 介臣 * Dharma name 法名: Néngbǎo 能寶 |image= |birth=18?? in...'

New page

{{Bio_infobox
|name-date=Táiyuán 台源 (d.1941)
|names=* Lay Surname 姓: Zhāng 張
* Name 名: Jièchén 介臣
* Dharma name 法名: Néngbǎo 能寶
|image=
|birth=18?? in Shuāngchéng County 雙城縣, Jílín [[吉林]]
|death=Fall, [[1941]] in Chóngqìng [[重慶]]
|associates=Notable Associates:
* Chángxǐng [[常惺]]
* Fǎfǎng [[法舫]]
* Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]]
* Nénghǎi [[能海]]
* Tàixū [[太虛]]
* Tánxū [[倓虛]]
* Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]]
|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom
}}

== Táiyuán 台源 (d.1941) ==

A monk from northeastern China who was active in Běijīng [[北京]] in the 1920s. He turned to Esoteric Buddhism near the end of his life.

'''Biography'''

As a youth, Táiyuán received a traditional education but his father died before he was able to sit for the examinations, which forced his family into poverty. Táiyuán eventually became a local police officer. Eventually, a retiree from Zhèjiāng [[浙江]], impressed by Táiyuán's potential, hired him to run a charity.

Táiyuán's job at the charity was short lived, and with the help of one Zhāng Jǐngnān 張景南, he met and took tonsure and ordination under Tánxū [[倓虛]] at Jílè Temple 極樂寺 in Hāěrbīn [[哈爾濱]] in [[1924]]. When conflicts arose between Táiyuán and Dìngxī 定西 (another monk at Jílè Temple) later that year, Tánxū invited Táiyuán to come to Běijīng [[北京]] to run the Buddhist seminary [[佛學院]] that he was in the process of establishing at the Mǐlè yuàn 彌勒院. Within a short time, the layman Yáng Yǔtíng 楊宇霆 helped Táiyuán become abbot of Bólín Temple [[柏林寺]].

In [[1929]], Táiyuán, Zhū Zǐqiáo [[朱子橋]], and others established a Buddhist Studies Society 佛學研究社 at the temple, which Chángxǐng [[常惺]] was invited to run. The following year the Study Society as renamed the Bólín Institute [[柏林教理院]], and after a visit that summer, Tàixū [[太虛]] lent his support to the endeavor. The Institute was formally established in September of [[1930]], and Tàixū asked his disciple Fǎfǎng [[法舫]] to come to Běijīng from Wǔchāng [[武昌]] to help make the Bólín Institute a branch of the World Buddhist Studies Center [[世界佛學苑]] (which was based at the Wǔchāng Buddhist Seminary [[武昌佛學院]]). Financial assistance and early guidance was provided by Hú Zǐhù [[胡子笏]].

In April [[1931]], Táiyuán was elected to be a representative at the third meeting of the Chinese Buddhist Association [[中國佛教會]]. In [[1932]], Táiyuán fled growing instability caused by the incursion of Japanese forces in the north by heading for Jiang1su1 [[江蘇]]. In [[1937]], as the situation in Eastern China deteriorated, Táiyuán fled to Chóngqìng [[重慶]]. There he took up residence at Lóngxīng Temple 隆興寺 with the help of Nénghǎi [[能海]], under whom he began to study Esoteric Buddhism [[密教]]. In May of [[1940]], Nénghǎi traveled to Tibet to study Tibetan esoteric Buddhism [[西密]] and transmitted to dharma to Táiyuán before he left.

In the spring of [[1941]], Táiyuán presided over an ordination ceremony at Jìncí Temple 近慈寺. He died in the fall of that year.

----
'''Important Works'''

----
'''Notable Students'''

----
'''Notes'''

<references/>

----
'''References:'''
* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.843-844.
* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.200c-202c.

[[Category:Biography]]