Lu Bicheng 呂碧城 - Revision history

Greg at 10:59, 28 March 2011

2011-03-28T10:59:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 28 March 2011
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	\|death=January 24, [[1943]] (Mínguó 民國 32) in Kowloon 九龍, Hong Kong		\|death=January 24, [[1943]] (Mínguó 民國 32) in Kowloon 九龍, Hong Kong
	\|associates=Notable Associates:		\|associates=Notable Associates:
		+	* Dìxián [[諦閑]]
	\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom		\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom
	}}		}}
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	Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when Yuán declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.		Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when Yuán declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.

-	After her mother died (in [[1918]] or [[1919]]), Lǚ planned to go abroad, but first went up to the Běijīing/Tiānjīn area where, in [[1920]], she heard Dìxián [[諦閒]] lecturing on the Buddhist sūtras. She took refuge under him at that time. After hearing another lecture by Dìxián and reading some works by Yìnguāng [[印光]] she took the precepts and became a vegetarian.	+	After her mother died (in [[1918]] or [[1919]]), Lǚ planned to go abroad, but first went up to the Běijīing/Tiānjīn area where, in [[1920]], she heard Dìxián [[諦閑]] lecturing on the Buddhist sūtras. She took refuge under him at that time. After hearing another lecture by Dìxián and reading some works by Yìnguāng [[印光]] she took the precepts and became a vegetarian.

	In [[1920]], Lǚ moved to America where she audited literature classes at Columbia University, while serving as a foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times 上海時報. After a few years she went to Europe, visiting England, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and other countries. She saw that Europeans and Americans valued material culture, but were not vegetarian and mistreated animals. She also saw the aftermath of World War I. This led her to decide to promote love, non-killing, vegetarianism, and the protection of animals.		In [[1920]], Lǚ moved to America where she audited literature classes at Columbia University, while serving as a foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times 上海時報. After a few years she went to Europe, visiting England, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and other countries. She saw that Europeans and Americans valued material culture, but were not vegetarian and mistreated animals. She also saw the aftermath of World War I. This led her to decide to promote love, non-killing, vegetarianism, and the protection of animals.

Erik hammerstrom: moved 呂碧城 to Lu Bicheng 呂碧城: To accord with new protocol

2010-03-30T14:00:19Z

moved 呂碧城 to Lu Bicheng 呂碧城: To accord with new protocol

← Older revision

Revision as of 14:00, 30 March 2010

Erik hammerstrom at 14:00, 30 March 2010

2010-03-30T14:00:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:00, 30 March 2010
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	}}		}}

-	''Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943)''' was probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period. She was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist. She had extensive experience living abroad in the 1920s and 1930s, and worked to tell Chinese about Buddhism in Europe, and teach Europeans about Buddhist compassion.	+	'''Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943)''' was probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period. She was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist. She had extensive experience living abroad in the 1920s and 1930s, and worked to tell Chinese about Buddhism in Europe, and teach Europeans about Buddhist compassion.

	==Biography==		==Biography==

Erik hammerstrom at 13:59, 30 March 2010

2010-03-30T13:59:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:59, 30 March 2010
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	}}		}}

-	== Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943) ==	+	''Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943)''' was probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period. She was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist. She had extensive experience living abroad in the 1920s and 1930s, and worked to tell Chinese about Buddhism in Europe, and teach Europeans about Buddhist compassion.

-	Probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period, Lǚ was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist. She had extensive experience living abroad in the 1920s and 1930s, and worked to tell Chinese about Buddhism in Europe, and teach Europeans about Buddhist compassion.	+	==Biography==
-		+
-	~~'''~~Biography~~'''~~	+

	Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a ''jìnshì'' 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out of the arrangement and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at a school run by her uncle.		Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a ''jìnshì'' 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out of the arrangement and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at a school run by her uncle.
Line 31:		Line 29:
	From [[1926]], she lived in Switzerland, but when World War II broke out, she moved from there to the United States and then Hong Kong. She ended her days in Kowloon [[九龍]], where she sequestered herself and practiced ''niànfó'' 念佛.		From [[1926]], she lived in Switzerland, but when World War II broke out, she moved from there to the United States and then Hong Kong. She ended her days in Kowloon [[九龍]], where she sequestered herself and practiced ''niànfó'' 念佛.

-	~~----~~	+	==Important Works==
-	~~'''~~Important Works'''	+	'''In Chinese:'''
-		+
-	In Chinese:	+
	* ''Fànhǎi lǐcè '' 梵海蠡測		* ''Fànhǎi lǐcè '' 梵海蠡測
	* ''Guān wúliàng shòu jīng shìlùn'' 觀無量壽經釋論		* ''Guān wúliàng shòu jīng shìlùn'' 觀無量壽經釋論
Line 41:		Line 37:
	* ''Ōu Měi zhī guāng'' 歐美之光		* ''Ōu Měi zhī guāng'' 歐美之光

-	Bilingual Chinese-English:	+	'''Bilingual Chinese-English:'''
	* ''Fǎhuá jīng: Pǔmén pǐn'' 法華經：普門品		* ''Fǎhuá jīng: Pǔmén pǐn'' 法華經：普門品
	* ''Xiǎo zhū cí'' 曉珠詞		* ''Xiǎo zhū cí'' 曉珠詞

-	~~----~~	+	==References==
-	~~'''~~References~~:'''~~	+
	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.632－634.		* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.632－634.
	* Yú Língbō 于凌波. ''Zhōnguó jìnxiàndài fójiào rénwù zhì'' 中國近現代佛教人物志 (''Biographical Almanac of Early Contemporary and Modern Chinese Buddhism''). Beijing: Zongjiao wenhua, 1995. Pp. 505－511.		* Yú Língbō 于凌波. ''Zhōnguó jìnxiàndài fójiào rénwù zhì'' 中國近現代佛教人物志 (''Biographical Almanac of Early Contemporary and Modern Chinese Buddhism''). Beijing: Zongjiao wenhua, 1995. Pp. 505－511.

Erik hammerstrom at 16:09, 27 January 2010

2010-01-27T16:09:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:09, 27 January 2010
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	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a ~~presented scholar~~ 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at ~~her uncle’s~~ school.	+	Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a ''jìnshì'' 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out of the arrangement and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at a school run by her uncle.

-	In [[1903]], ~~she~~ went ~~looking for~~ a friend in Tiānjīn [[天津]] and ended up becoming an editor at the ''Dàgōng bào'' 大公報 (''L'Impartial''). She had not been there five months when, in September, she opened and began overseeing a girls’ school. Much of this was was made possible ~~through~~ the help of Yīng Liànzhī 英歛之 and his wife. In [[1909]], the first class of ten students graduated with teaching degrees. Included in this class was Zhōu Enlái’s 周恩來 future wife.	+	In [[1903]], Lǚ went to find a friend in Tiānjīn [[天津]] and ended up becoming an editor at the ''Dàgōng bào'' 大公報 (''L'Impartial''). She had not been there five months when, in September, she opened and began overseeing a girls’ school. Much of this was was made possible by the help of Yīng Liànzhī 英歛之 and his wife. In [[1909]], the first class of ten students graduated with teaching degrees. Included in this class was Zhōu Enlái’s 周恩來 future wife.

-	Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when he declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.	+	Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when Yuán declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.

	After her mother died (in [[1918]] or [[1919]]), Lǚ planned to go abroad, but first went up to the Běijīing/Tiānjīn area where, in [[1920]], she heard Dìxián [[諦閒]] lecturing on the Buddhist sūtras. She took refuge under him at that time. After hearing another lecture by Dìxián and reading some works by Yìnguāng [[印光]] she took the precepts and became a vegetarian.		After her mother died (in [[1918]] or [[1919]]), Lǚ planned to go abroad, but first went up to the Běijīing/Tiānjīn area where, in [[1920]], she heard Dìxián [[諦閒]] lecturing on the Buddhist sūtras. She took refuge under him at that time. After hearing another lecture by Dìxián and reading some works by Yìnguāng [[印光]] she took the precepts and became a vegetarian.

-	In [[1920]], ~~she went~~ to America where she audited literature classes at Columbia University, while serving as a foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times 上海時報. After a few years she went to Europe, visiting England, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and other countries. She saw that Europeans and Americans valued material culture, but were not vegetarian and mistreated animals. She also saw the aftermath of World War I. This led her to decide to promote love, non-killing, vegetarianism, and the protection of animals.	+	In [[1920]], Lǚ moved to America where she audited literature classes at Columbia University, while serving as a foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times 上海時報. After a few years she went to Europe, visiting England, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and other countries. She saw that Europeans and Americans valued material culture, but were not vegetarian and mistreated animals. She also saw the aftermath of World War I. This led her to decide to promote love, non-killing, vegetarianism, and the protection of animals.

	In [[1932]], she published ''Ōu Měi zhī guāng'' 歐美之光, a book about vegetarianism, animal protection, and Buddhist studies in the West. She also translated several Buddhist works into English and published bilingual Chinese-English editions of others (such as of the ''Pǔmén'' 普門 Chapter of the ''Lotus Sūtra'', which was published by Shanghai Buddhist Books [[上海佛學書局]] in [[1933]]).		In [[1932]], she published ''Ōu Měi zhī guāng'' 歐美之光, a book about vegetarianism, animal protection, and Buddhist studies in the West. She also translated several Buddhist works into English and published bilingual Chinese-English editions of others (such as of the ''Pǔmén'' 普門 Chapter of the ''Lotus Sūtra'', which was published by Shanghai Buddhist Books [[上海佛學書局]] in [[1933]]).

-	From [[1926]], she lived in Switzerland, but when World War II broke out, she moved from there to the United States and then Hong Kong. She ended her days in Kowloon [[九龍]], where she sequestered herself ~~in reciting Amitabha Buddha's name (~~''niànfó'' 念佛).	+	From [[1926]], she lived in Switzerland, but when World War II broke out, she moved from there to the United States and then Hong Kong. She ended her days in Kowloon [[九龍]], where she sequestered herself and practiced ''niànfó'' 念佛.

	----		----

Erik hammerstrom at 19:00, 2 January 2010

2010-01-02T19:00:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 2 January 2010
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	* Style names 號: Míngyīn 明因, Shèngyīn 聖因, Bǎolián jūshì 寶蓮居士		* Style names 號: Míngyīn 明因, Shèngyīn 聖因, Bǎolián jūshì 寶蓮居士
	* Courtesy name 字: Dùnfū 遁夫		* Courtesy name 字: Dùnfū 遁夫
-	\|image=[[File:Lu_Bicheng.jpg\|~~right~~\|Lǚ Bìchéng]]	+	\|image=[[File:Lu_Bicheng.jpg\|center\|Lǚ Bìchéng]]
	\|birth=[[1883]] (Guāngxù 光緒 9) in Jīngdē County 旌德縣, Anhuī 安徽		\|birth=[[1883]] (Guāngxù 光緒 9) in Jīngdē County 旌德縣, Anhuī 安徽
	\|death=January 24, [[1943]] (Mínguó 民國 32) in Kowloon 九龍, Hong Kong		\|death=January 24, [[1943]] (Mínguó 民國 32) in Kowloon 九龍, Hong Kong

Erik hammerstrom at 15:10, 31 December 2009

2009-12-31T15:10:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 31 December 2009
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-	[[File:Lu_Bicheng.jpg\|right\|Lǚ Bìchéng]]	+	{{Bio_infobox
		+	\|name-date=Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943)
		+	\|names=* Name 名: Lánqīng 蘭清
		+	* Style names 號: Míngyīn 明因, Shèngyīn 聖因, Bǎolián jūshì 寶蓮居士
		+	* Courtesy name 字: Dùnfū 遁夫
		+	\|image=[[File:Lu_Bicheng.jpg\|right\|Lǚ Bìchéng]]
		+	\|birth=[[1883]] (Guāngxù 光緒 9) in Jīngdē County 旌德縣, Anhuī 安徽
		+	\|death=January 24, [[1943]] (Mínguó 民國 32) in Kowloon 九龍, Hong Kong
		+	\|associates=Notable Associates:
		+	\|editor-name=Erik Hammerstrom
		+	}}

	== Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943) ==		== Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943) ==

	Probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period, Lǚ was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist. She had extensive experience living abroad in the 1920s and 1930s, and worked to tell Chinese about Buddhism in Europe, and teach Europeans about Buddhist compassion.		Probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period, Lǚ was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist. She had extensive experience living abroad in the 1920s and 1930s, and worked to tell Chinese about Buddhism in Europe, and teach Europeans about Buddhist compassion.
-
-	* Born [[1883]] (Guāngxù 光緒 9) in Jīngdē County 旌德縣, Anhuī 安徽
-	* Died on January 24, [[1943]] (Mínguó 民國 32) in Kowloon 九龍, Hong Kong
-	* Name 名: Lánqīng 蘭清
-	* Style names 號: Míngyīn 明因, Shèngyīn 聖因, Bǎolián jūshì 寶蓮居士
-	* Courtesy name 字: Dùnfū 遁夫

	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''
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	----		----
	'''References:'''		'''References:'''
-	* Shì Dōngchū [[釋東初]]. ''Zhōngguó fójiào jìndàii shǐ'' 中國佛教近代史 (A History of Early Contemporary Chinese Buddhism), in Dōngchū lǎorén quánjí 東初老人全集 (Complete Collection of Old Man Dongchu), vols. 1-2. Taipei: Dongchu, 1974. Pp. 2.632－634.	+	* {{ZFJS}} Pp. 2.632－634.
	* Yú Língbō 于凌波. ''Zhōnguó jìnxiàndài fójiào rénwù zhì'' 中國近現代佛教人物志 (''Biographical Almanac of Early Contemporary and Modern Chinese Buddhism''). Beijing: Zongjiao wenhua, 1995. Pp. 505－511.		* Yú Língbō 于凌波. ''Zhōnguó jìnxiàndài fójiào rénwù zhì'' 中國近現代佛教人物志 (''Biographical Almanac of Early Contemporary and Modern Chinese Buddhism''). Beijing: Zongjiao wenhua, 1995. Pp. 505－511.
-	* ~~Yú Língbō 于凌波, ed. ''Xiàndài Fójiào rénwù cídiǎn'' 現代佛教人物辭典 (A Dictionary of Modern Buddhist Persons), 2 vols. Taipei: Foguang, 2004.~~ Pp. 1.403a-406c.	+	* {{XFRC}} Pp. 1.403a-406c.

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]

Greg at 14:32, 27 October 2009

2009-10-27T14:32:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 27 October 2009
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	== Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943) ==		== Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943) ==

-	Probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period, Lǚ was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist. She had extensive experience living abroad in the 1920s and 1930s, and worked to tell Chinese about Buddhism in ~~Eurrpe~~, and teach Europeans about Buddhist compassion.	+	Probably the most famous Chinese Buddhist woman of the Republican period, Lǚ was a poet, journalist, and lay Buddhist. She had extensive experience living abroad in the 1920s and 1930s, and worked to tell Chinese about Buddhism in Europe, and teach Europeans about Buddhist compassion.

	* Born [[1883]] (Guāngxù 光緒 9) in Jīngdē County 旌德縣, Anhuī 安徽		* Born [[1883]] (Guāngxù 光緒 9) in Jīngdē County 旌德縣, Anhuī 安徽
Line 15:		Line 15:
	Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a presented scholar 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at her uncle’s school.		Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a presented scholar 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at her uncle’s school.

-	In [[1903]], she went looking for a friend in Tiānjīn [[天津]] and ended up becoming an editor at the ''Dàgōng bào'' 大公報 (L'Impartial). She had not been there five months when, in September, she opened and began overseeing a girls’ school. Much of this was was made possible through the help of Yīng Liànzhī 英歛之 and his wife. In [[1909]], the first class of ten students graduated with teaching degrees. Included in this class was Zhōu Enlái’s 周恩來 future wife.	+	In [[1903]], she went looking for a friend in Tiānjīn [[天津]] and ended up becoming an editor at the ''Dàgōng bào'' 大公報 (''L'Impartial''). She had not been there five months when, in September, she opened and began overseeing a girls’ school. Much of this was was made possible through the help of Yīng Liànzhī 英歛之 and his wife. In [[1909]], the first class of ten students graduated with teaching degrees. Included in this class was Zhōu Enlái’s 周恩來 future wife.

	Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when he declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.		Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when he declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.

Greg at 21:02, 21 June 2009

2009-06-21T21:02:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:02, 21 June 2009
Line 15:		Line 15:
	Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a presented scholar 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at her uncle’s school.		Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a presented scholar 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at her uncle’s school.

-	In [[1903]], she went looking for a friend in Tiānjīn 天津 and ended up becoming an editor at the ''Dàgōng bào'' 大公報 (L'Impartial). She had not been there five months when, in September, she opened and began overseeing a girls’ school. Much of this was was made possible through the help of Yīng Liànzhī 英歛之 and his wife. In [[1909]], the first class of ten students graduated with teaching degrees. Included in this class was Zhōu Enlái’s 周恩來 future wife.	+	In [[1903]], she went looking for a friend in Tiānjīn [[天津]] and ended up becoming an editor at the ''Dàgōng bào'' 大公報 (L'Impartial). She had not been there five months when, in September, she opened and began overseeing a girls’ school. Much of this was was made possible through the help of Yīng Liànzhī 英歛之 and his wife. In [[1909]], the first class of ten students graduated with teaching degrees. Included in this class was Zhōu Enlái’s 周恩來 future wife.

-	Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when he declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi 上海, where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.	+	Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when he declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi [[上海]], where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.

	After her mother died (in [[1918]] or [[1919]]), Lǚ planned to go abroad, but first went up to the Běijīing/Tiānjīn area where, in [[1920]], she heard Dìxián [[諦閒]] lecturing on the Buddhist sūtras. She took refuge under him at that time. After hearing another lecture by Dìxián and reading some works by Yìnguāng [[印光]] she took the precepts and became a vegetarian.		After her mother died (in [[1918]] or [[1919]]), Lǚ planned to go abroad, but first went up to the Běijīing/Tiānjīn area where, in [[1920]], she heard Dìxián [[諦閒]] lecturing on the Buddhist sūtras. She took refuge under him at that time. After hearing another lecture by Dìxián and reading some works by Yìnguāng [[印光]] she took the precepts and became a vegetarian.
Line 25:		Line 25:
	In [[1932]], she published ''Ōu Měi zhī guāng'' 歐美之光, a book about vegetarianism, animal protection, and Buddhist studies in the West. She also translated several Buddhist works into English and published bilingual Chinese-English editions of others (such as of the ''Pǔmén'' 普門 Chapter of the ''Lotus Sūtra'', which was published by Shanghai Buddhist Books [[上海佛學書局]] in [[1933]]).		In [[1932]], she published ''Ōu Měi zhī guāng'' 歐美之光, a book about vegetarianism, animal protection, and Buddhist studies in the West. She also translated several Buddhist works into English and published bilingual Chinese-English editions of others (such as of the ''Pǔmén'' 普門 Chapter of the ''Lotus Sūtra'', which was published by Shanghai Buddhist Books [[上海佛學書局]] in [[1933]]).

-	From [[1926]], she lived in Switzerland, but when World War II broke out, she moved from there to the United States and then Hong Kong. She ended her days on Kowloon 九龍, where she sequestered herself in ''niànfó'' 念佛.	+	From [[1926]], she lived in Switzerland, but when World War II broke out, she moved from there to the United States and then Hong Kong. She ended her days in Kowloon [[九龍]], where she sequestered herself in reciting Amitabha Buddha's name (''niànfó'' 念佛).

	----		----

Erik hammerstrom at 13:39, 20 June 2009

2009-06-20T13:39:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 20 June 2009
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		+	[[File:Lu_Bicheng.jpg\|right\|Lǚ Bìchéng]]
		+
	== Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943) ==		== Lǚ Bìchéng 呂碧城 (1883-1943) ==

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	* Style names 號: Míngyīn 明因, Shèngyīn 聖因, Bǎolián jūshì 寶蓮居士		* Style names 號: Míngyīn 明因, Shèngyīn 聖因, Bǎolián jūshì 寶蓮居士
	* Courtesy name 字: Dùnfū 遁夫		* Courtesy name 字: Dùnfū 遁夫
-

	'''Biography'''		'''Biography'''

-	Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a presented scholar 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out and she never married. He parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at her uncle’s school.	+	Lǚ's father, Lǚ Fèngqí 呂鳳岐 was a presented scholar 進士 and semi-famous poet. Lǚ was engaged at the age of 9 to a 12 year old, but her parents later backed out and she never married. Her parents wanted her to have a modern education, so they sent her to study at her uncle’s school.

-	In [[1903]], she went looking for a friend in Tiānjīn 天津 and ended up becoming an editor at the ''Dàgōng bào'' 大公報 (L'Impartial). She had not been there five months when, in September, she opened and began overseeing a girls’ school. Much of this was through the help of Yīng Liànzhī 英歛之 and his wife. In [[1909]], the first class of ten students graduated with teaching degrees. Included in this class was Zhōu Enlái’s 周恩來 future wife.	+	In [[1903]], she went looking for a friend in Tiānjīn 天津 and ended up becoming an editor at the ''Dàgōng bào'' 大公報 (L'Impartial). She had not been there five months when, in September, she opened and began overseeing a girls’ school. Much of this was was made possible through the help of Yīng Liànzhī 英歛之 and his wife. In [[1909]], the first class of ten students graduated with teaching degrees. Included in this class was Zhōu Enlái’s 周恩來 future wife.

-	Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when he declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi 上海, where she studied English, read, and invested ~~sucessfully~~ in trading companies.	+	Lǚ left the school (which changed its name) after the start of the Republic and worked as a secretary in Yuán Shìkǎi’s 袁世凱 administration, but when he declared himself emperor she quit and went to live with her mother in Shànghǎi 上海, where she studied English, read, and invested successfully in trading companies.

-	After her mother died in [[1918]] or 19, Lǚ planned to go abroad, but first went up to the ~~Beijing~~/~~Tianjin~~ area where, in [[1920]], she heard Dìxián [[諦閒]] lecturing on the Buddhist sūtras. She took refuge under him at that time. After hearing another lecture by Dìxián and reading some works by ~~Yìnguān~~ [[印光]] she took the precepts and became a vegetarian.	+	After her mother died (in [[1918]] or [[1919]]), Lǚ planned to go abroad, but first went up to the Běijīing/Tiānjīn area where, in [[1920]], she heard Dìxián [[諦閒]] lecturing on the Buddhist sūtras. She took refuge under him at that time. After hearing another lecture by Dìxián and reading some works by Yìnguāng [[印光]] she took the precepts and became a vegetarian.

-	In [[1920]], she went to America where she audited literature classes at Columbia University, while serving as a foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times 上海時報. After a few years she went to Europe, visiting England, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and other countries.	+	In [[1920]], she went to America where she audited literature classes at Columbia University, while serving as a foreign correspondent for the Shanghai Times 上海時報. After a few years she went to Europe, visiting England, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and other countries. She saw that Europeans and Americans valued material culture, but were not vegetarian and mistreated animals. She also saw the aftermath of World War I. This led her to decide to promote love, non-killing, vegetarianism, and the protection of animals.

-	She saw that Europeans and Americans valued material culture, but were not vegetarian and mistreated animals. She also saw the aftermath of World War 1. This led her to decide to promote love, non-killing, vegetarianism, and the protection of animals.	+	In [[1932]], she published ''Ōu Měi zhī guāng'' 歐美之光, a book about vegetarianism, animal protection, and Buddhist studies in the West. She also translated several Buddhist works into English and published bilingual Chinese-English editions of others (such as of the ''Pǔmén'' 普門 Chapter of the ''Lotus Sūtra'', which was published by Shanghai Buddhist Books [[上海佛學書局]] in [[1933]]).
-		+
-	In [[1932]], she published ''Ōu Měi zhī guāng'' 歐美之光, a book about vegetarianism, animal protection, and Buddhist studies in the West. She also ~~did translations of~~ Buddhist works into English and published bilingual Chinese-English editions of others (such as of the ''Pǔmén'' 普門 Chapter of the ''Lotus Sūtra'', which was published by Shanghai Buddhist Books [[上海佛學書局]] in [[1933]]).	+
-		+
-	From [[1926]], she lived in Switzerland, but when World War II broke out, she moved from there to the United States and then Hong Kong. She ended her days on Kowloon 九龍, where she sequestered herself in recitation 念佛, not caring about the outside world.	+

		+	From [[1926]], she lived in Switzerland, but when World War II broke out, she moved from there to the United States and then Hong Kong. She ended her days on Kowloon 九龍, where she sequestered herself in ''niànfó'' 念佛.

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	'''References:'''		'''References:'''
-		+	* Shì Dōngchū [[釋東初]]. ''Zhōngguó fójiào jìndàii shǐ'' 中國佛教近代史 (A History of Early Contemporary Chinese Buddhism), in Dōngchū lǎorén quánjí 東初老人全集 (Complete Collection of Old Man Dongchu), vols. 1-2. Taipei: Dongchu, 1974. Pp. 2.632－634.
-	Shì Dōngchū [[釋東初]]. ''Zhōngguó fójiào jìndàii shǐ'' 中國佛教近代史 (A History of Early Contemporary Chinese Buddhism), in Dōngchū lǎorén quánjí 東初老人全集 (Complete Collection of Old Man Dongchu), vols. 1-2. ~~(Taibei~~: Dongchu, 1974), 2:632－634.	+	* Yú Língbō 于凌波. ''Zhōnguó jìnxiàndài fójiào rénwù zhì'' 中國近現代佛教人物志 (''Biographical Almanac of Early Contemporary and Modern Chinese Buddhism''). Beijing: Zongjiao wenhua, 1995. Pp. 505－511.
-		+	* Yú Língbō 于凌波, ed. ''Xiàndài Fójiào rénwù cídiǎn'' 現代佛教人物辭典 (A Dictionary of Modern Buddhist Persons), 2 vols. Taipei: Foguang, 2004. Pp. 1.403a-406c.
-	Yú Língbō 于凌波. ''Zhōnguó jìnxiàndài fójiào rénwù zhì'' 中國近現代佛教人物志 (''Biographical Almanac of Early Contemporary and Modern Chinese Buddhism''). (Beijing: Zongjiao wenhua, 1995), 505－511.	+
-		+
-	Yú Língbō 于凌波, ed. ''Xiàndài ~~fójiào~~ rénwù cídiǎn'' 現代佛教人物辭典 (A Dictionary of Modern Buddhist Persons), 2 vols. (Taipei: Foguang, 2004), 1:403a-406c.	+

	[[Category:Biography]]		[[Category:Biography]]